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目的分析传染性非典型肺炎的呼吸系统症状学的特点。方法回顾性分析北京地区6家SARS定点医院收治的409例传染性非典型肺炎病例的临床资料。结果409例临床确诊的SARS患者的呼吸系统症状中以咳嗽为最主要表现(306例,74.8%),其次为胸闷(221例,54.0%)、咯痰(202例,49.4%),血丝痰最少见(46例,11.2%)。呼吸系统症状在病程第1d的出现率最高,咳嗽、咯痰、血丝痰、胸闷、胸痛的出现率分别为:45.09%(138例/306例)、30.2%(61例/202例)、15.22%(7例/46例)、23.98%(53例/221例)、17.91%(12例/67例)。在病程第8d上述症状的出现率出现第二峰。各呼吸系统症状与血象、胸片的严重程度之间似乎无明显的相关性。结论SARS是SARS-CoV所致的新型烈性传染病,肺为该病毒攻击的主要靶器官,呼吸系统症状是SARS的主要临床表现,其中以咳嗽为最常见,次之为胸闷、咯痰,以血丝痰最少见。目前尚无早期确诊SARS的金标准,也没有针对该病毒的特异性治疗方法;流行病学资料及临床特征是早期诊断的主要依据。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of respiratory symptomatology of SARS. Methods The clinical data of 409 SARS cases admitted to 6 SARS designated hospitals in Beijing were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 409 clinically diagnosed SARS patients, the most common respiratory symptom was cough (306 cases, 74.8%), followed by chest tightness (221 cases, 54.0%), expectoration (202 cases, 49.4%), The most common (46 cases, 11.2%). The incidence of respiratory symptoms was the highest on the 1st day of the disease course, and the occurrence rates of cough, expectoration, bloody sputum, chest tightness and chest pain were 45.09% (138 cases / 306 cases), 30.2% (61 cases / 202 cases) and 15.22 % (7 cases / 46 cases), 23.98% (53 cases / 221 cases) and 17.91% (12 cases / 67 cases). In the course of the first 8d of the above symptoms appear the second peak. There seems to be no clear correlation between respiratory symptoms and blood levels and the severity of chest radiographs. Conclusions SARS is a new type of potent infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV. Lung is the main target organ for attack of the virus. Respiratory symptoms are the main clinical manifestations of SARS. Among them, cough is the most common, followed by chest tightness and expectoration Bloody sputum rare. There is no gold standard for early diagnosis of SARS and no specific treatment for this virus. Epidemiological data and clinical features are the main basis for early diagnosis.