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高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）是一组高度保守的非组织核蛋白，绝大部分存在于多种细胞核中，但在一些病理情况下可释放至胞外发挥作用，作为一种重要的促炎介质或预警蛋白出现在自身免疫或炎症疾病中。越来越多的证据表明，HMGB1与肿瘤、炎症和自身免疫性疾病的发病机制有关，特别是在炎症研究领域受到较多的重视。子宫内膜异位症的发病与炎症机制密切相关，即炎性因子起关键作用。此外，子宫内膜异位症虽然是一种良性疾病，但是具有类似肿瘤的“恶性”生长行为。该文就HMGB1在子宫内膜异位症中的作用作一综述。“,”High mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1) is a group of highly conserved nuclear proteins mostly presented in various kinds of nuclei,it is released to extracellular under some pathological conditions to play a role,and might be an important proinflammatory mediator or an alarmin in autoimmune and inflam-matory diseases.More and more evidences have shown that HMGB1 is related with the pathogenesis of tumor,inflammation and autoimmune diseases,particularly it has drawn a lot a attention in the field of inflammation research.Endometriosis is closely related with inflammatory pathogenesis , that inflammatory factor plays a pivotal role in the development of endometriosis.Moreover, endometriosis is a benign disease but has the growth behavior of″malignancy″.Here is to make a review of the role of HMGB1 in the develop-ment of endometriosis.