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使用车载尾气检测技术PEMS对一辆在用国Ⅲ柴油公交车进行了实际公交线路运行时的气态污染物排放测试,统计得出了车辆运行速度、加速度、气态污染物排放速率、排放因子特性。分析结果表明公交车平均速度为18 km/h,96.9%的速度点落在0~40 km/h的区间段,99%的加速度点落在-1.5~1.5 m/s2的区间段。随着车速的增加,排气污染物排放速率增大,其中NOX排放速率增大显著。车速增大,污染物排放因子降低;低于30 km/h时,车速增大,排放因子降低显著,高于30 km/h时,排放因子随车速增大变化变缓。排放因子受排放速率和车速共同影响。污染物排放速率随加速度增大而增大,加速时的排放速率显著高于减速时的排放速率。研究结果说明,提高车辆运行速度、减少急加速,可以有效降低公交车尾气排放。
A vehicle exhaust gas detection technology (PEMS) was used to test the emission of gaseous pollutants when a bus was operating on a country III diesel bus. The vehicle operating speed, acceleration, gaseous pollutant emission rate and emission factor were calculated. The results show that the average speed of buses is 18 km / h, the speed of 96.9% falls in the range of 0 ~ 40 km / h, and the acceleration of 99% falls in the interval of -1.5 ~ 1.5 m / s2. With the increase of vehicle speed, the emission rate of exhaust pollutants increases, and the NOX emission rate increases significantly. The vehicle speed increases and the pollutant emission factor decreases. When the speed drops below 30 km / h, the vehicle speed increases and the emission factor decreases significantly. Above 30 km / h, the emission factor changes slowly with increasing vehicle speed. The emission factor is affected by both emission rate and vehicle speed. The discharge rate of pollutants increases with acceleration, and the discharge rate at acceleration is significantly higher than the discharge rate at deceleration. The results show that improving the running speed of vehicles and reducing the speeding up can effectively reduce the emission of bus exhaust.