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目的了解传染病突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特点,为有效预防和控制传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生提供科学依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法对2005-2009年广西报告传染病突发公共卫生事件进行分析。结果 2005-2009年广西报告传染病事件占广西报告突发公共卫生事件的82.87%(1214/1465),发病例数占发病总数的92.27%,发病66 737例,死亡70例。无甲类传染病报告,报告乙类传染病事件数最多,占传染病事件数的51.73%,丙类传染病占28.58%。呼吸道传染病占传染病事件数的86.90%,以甲型H1N1流感、流行性感冒等为主。报告事件数最多和最少的城市为南宁市和崇左市,分别占总报告事件数的31.14%和1.73%。农村传染病突发公共卫生事件数、发病例数和死亡例数均多于城市;报告事件数最少的年份是2005年,最多的是2009年。每年传染病突发公共卫生事件数均以9-12月较多,占全年报告数的63.59%。5年共发生在学校的传染病突发公共卫生事件占事件总数的89.87%。结论传染病突发公共卫生事件是广西主要的突发公共卫生事件,而且主要发生在学校,建议进一步加强学校传染病,特别是呼吸道传染病突发公共卫生事件的预防和控制。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in infectious diseases and provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the public health emergencies in Guangxi from 2005 to 2009. Results In 2005-2009, Guangxi reported 82.87% (1214/1465) of incidents of public health emergencies. The number of cases accounted for 92.27% of the total cases, 66 737 cases and 70 deaths. There was no report of Category A infectious diseases, which reported the largest number of Category B infectious diseases, accounting for 51.73% of the total number of infectious diseases and 28.58% of Category C infectious diseases. Respiratory infectious diseases accounted for 86.90% of the total number of infectious diseases, mainly Influenza A (H1N1) and Influenza (H1N1). The cities with the largest and the smallest reported incidents are Nanning and Chongzuo, accounting for 31.14% and 1.73% respectively of the total reported incidents. The number of public health emergencies, the number of cases and the number of deaths of infectious diseases in rural areas were more than those in urban areas. The year with the lowest number of reported incidents was in 2005 and the most in 2009. The number of public health emergencies in infectious diseases each year increased from September to December, accounting for 63.59% of the annual reports. The total public health incidents of infectious diseases in schools in 5 years accounted for 89.87% of the total number of incidents. Conclusions The public health emergencies of communicable diseases are the major public health emergencies in Guangxi and mainly occur in schools. It is suggested to further strengthen the prevention and control of school infectious diseases, especially public health emergencies of respiratory infectious diseases.