能有效缓解疼痛且副作用可以耐受的镇痛药剂量在不同个体之间有相当大的差异,即使在那些疼痛类型和强度都明显相似的患者中也是如此。影响剂量需求的因素来自遗传、环境,以及二者的相互作用(图1)。环境因素包括患者的年龄、性别、肝肾功 The dose of analgesic that is effective in relieving pain and the side effects are tolerable can vary considerably from one individual to another, even in those with similar pain types and intensities. The factors that influence the dose requirement come from the heredity, the environment, and the interaction between the two (Figure 1). Environmental factors include the patient’s age, gender, liver and kidney function