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句法是中考重点考查项目之一,也是历届中考的热点。主要涉及到:疑问词的选用;反意疑问句的构成及答语;感叹句what或how的选用;否定形式的祈使句;并列句连词的选用;状语从句连词的选用和语序;宾语从句连词的选用、语序;定语从句关系代词的选用;并列句、状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、主从句的时态呼应;被动语态的构成;等等。下面展示近两年来的中考题例,供同学们参考。
1.(长沙)—_______ subjects do you have? —Seven.
A. How longB. How manyC. How muchD. How far
析:据答语和题意可知答案为B。
2 . (河南) There is no difference between the two words. I really don’t know _______.
A. what to choose B. which to choose
C. to choose whichD. to choose what
析:此题考查“疑问词+不定式”作宾语,据题意答案应为B。
3.(广州)Mr King has never been to France, _______?
A. has heB. hasn’t Mr KingC.hasn’t heD. has Mr King
析:陈述句含never, hardly, little ,few ,no, not等否定词时,简略问句用肯定式,且把陈述句主语由名词换成代词,故答案为A。
4.(厦门)—The earth isn’t as big as the sun, is it? —_______.
A. Yes, it isB. No ,it isC, Yes, it isn’tD. No, it isn’t
析:反意疑问句的回答是yes 肯定结构或no 否定结构,前否定后肯定的答语用yes表示“不”,用No表示“是的”。据上下句可知答案为D。
5.(上海)_______ important information he’s given us!
A. SoB. HowC. What anD. What
析:此题考查“What adj. n. 主语+谓语”结构,又因information为不可数名词,故答案为D。
6.(长沙)_______ delicious the food is !
A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a
析:本题考查“How adj. / adv. 主语+谓语”结构,答案为A。
7.(福州)Don’t _______ (嘲笑) others when they make mistake.(填空)
析:祈使句的否定式为Don’t 动词原形,故填laught at。
8.(重庆)A:Stand higher, and you’ll see far away.(找同义句)
B:_______ stand at a higher place, you’ll see far away.
析:祈使句+and / or 简单句可与条件状语从句互换,故填If you。
9.(南京)Hurry up , _______ you’ll miss the train. It’s leaving in ten minutes.
A. andB. soC. howeverD. or
析:and表示并列关系,however表示转折关系,so表示因果关系,or表示选择关系,答案为D。
10.(广州)Jony doesn’t sing quite _______ the other boys and girls in his class.
A. so well as B. as good likeC. as well likeD. so good as
析:“not as / so …as”表“与……不一样”,句中sing用副词修饰,答案为A。
11. (南 京) The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than _______ made in America.
A. onesB. those C. that D. it
析:比较的对象要一致,为了避免重复,常用that代替单数名词/不可数名词,those代替复数名词,故答案为B。
12.(南京)无论他说什么,我都不相信他。(完成句子)_______ ,I don’t believe him.
析:从句的语序为陈述句语序,故填No matter what / Whatever he says。
13.(安徽)You’ll be late _______ you hurry up.
A. afterB. whenC. unlessD. if
析:after意为“在……以后”,when意为“当……时候”,if意为“如果”,unless意为“如果不”,答案为C。
14.(大连)I enjoy learning English _______ it takes me a lot of time.
A. unlessB. thoughC. because D. for
析:because / for意为“因为”,though意为“虽然”,答案为B。
另要注意because不与so连用,though不与but连用。
15.(天津)I want to know _______.
A. what’s his name B. that’s his name
C. that his name isD. what his name is
析:根据题意选用连词what引导,从句的语序为陈述句语序,故答案为D。
16.(石家庄)—I don’t know if his uncle _______ .—I think he _______,if it doesn’t rain.
A. will come, comesB. will come ,will come
C. comes , comesD. comes, will come
析:if意为“是否”引导宾语从句,根据句中需要用一般将来时。if意为“如果”引导状语从句常用一般现在时代替将来时,主句用一般将来时。答案为B。类似的when也根据词意区分引导状语从句或宾语从句,即when意为“当……时候”引导状语从句,意为“什么时候”引导宾语从句。
17.(兰州)I didn’t think maths _______ important at that time.
A. isB. wasC. areD. were
析:主从句时态应呼应,再就是maths作主语,谓语用was。答案为B。
18.(兰州)That’s the only thing _______ can’t be forgotten in my life.
A. thatB. whichC. whoD. ×
析:当先行词有序数词、形容词最高级、only或不定代词时,用关系代词that。答案为A。
19.(成都)I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.(合为复合句)
I’m reading a book which (that) is about Bill Gates.
析:当先行词为物时,用关系代词which或that;当先行词为人时,用who或that.
20.(广州)Mr Johnson’s story _______ by everyone who heard it .
A.laughed at B. was laughedC. laughedD. was laughed at
析:根据题意用一般过去时的被动语态,即was / were P.P。另外这里由动词+介词构成的短语,介词不能省略。答案为D。
21.(广州)Your sister works very hard ,and _______.
A. so you are B. so you doC. so are you D.so do you.
析:此题考查so作“也”的结构“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词”,此时要与前一句的动词、时态要保持一致。故答案为D。类似用法和结构“neither 助动词/情态动词/be动词”,neither意为“也不”。 如:—Would your brother go for a picnic?
—If youdon’t go, neither will he.
22.(南京)Do you think _______ an American film tomorrow?
A. is thereB. there’s going to be
C. will there beD. there’s going to have
析:根据宾语从句语序为陈述句语序排除A、C。there be的be going to结构为there be going to be。答案为B。
1.(长沙)—_______ subjects do you have? —Seven.
A. How longB. How manyC. How muchD. How far
析:据答语和题意可知答案为B。
2 . (河南) There is no difference between the two words. I really don’t know _______.
A. what to choose B. which to choose
C. to choose whichD. to choose what
析:此题考查“疑问词+不定式”作宾语,据题意答案应为B。
3.(广州)Mr King has never been to France, _______?
A. has heB. hasn’t Mr KingC.hasn’t heD. has Mr King
析:陈述句含never, hardly, little ,few ,no, not等否定词时,简略问句用肯定式,且把陈述句主语由名词换成代词,故答案为A。
4.(厦门)—The earth isn’t as big as the sun, is it? —_______.
A. Yes, it isB. No ,it isC, Yes, it isn’tD. No, it isn’t
析:反意疑问句的回答是yes 肯定结构或no 否定结构,前否定后肯定的答语用yes表示“不”,用No表示“是的”。据上下句可知答案为D。
5.(上海)_______ important information he’s given us!
A. SoB. HowC. What anD. What
析:此题考查“What adj. n. 主语+谓语”结构,又因information为不可数名词,故答案为D。
6.(长沙)_______ delicious the food is !
A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a
析:本题考查“How adj. / adv. 主语+谓语”结构,答案为A。
7.(福州)Don’t _______ (嘲笑) others when they make mistake.(填空)
析:祈使句的否定式为Don’t 动词原形,故填laught at。
8.(重庆)A:Stand higher, and you’ll see far away.(找同义句)
B:_______ stand at a higher place, you’ll see far away.
析:祈使句+and / or 简单句可与条件状语从句互换,故填If you。
9.(南京)Hurry up , _______ you’ll miss the train. It’s leaving in ten minutes.
A. andB. soC. howeverD. or
析:and表示并列关系,however表示转折关系,so表示因果关系,or表示选择关系,答案为D。
10.(广州)Jony doesn’t sing quite _______ the other boys and girls in his class.
A. so well as B. as good likeC. as well likeD. so good as
析:“not as / so …as”表“与……不一样”,句中sing用副词修饰,答案为A。
11. (南 京) The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than _______ made in America.
A. onesB. those C. that D. it
析:比较的对象要一致,为了避免重复,常用that代替单数名词/不可数名词,those代替复数名词,故答案为B。
12.(南京)无论他说什么,我都不相信他。(完成句子)_______ ,I don’t believe him.
析:从句的语序为陈述句语序,故填No matter what / Whatever he says。
13.(安徽)You’ll be late _______ you hurry up.
A. afterB. whenC. unlessD. if
析:after意为“在……以后”,when意为“当……时候”,if意为“如果”,unless意为“如果不”,答案为C。
14.(大连)I enjoy learning English _______ it takes me a lot of time.
A. unlessB. thoughC. because D. for
析:because / for意为“因为”,though意为“虽然”,答案为B。
另要注意because不与so连用,though不与but连用。
15.(天津)I want to know _______.
A. what’s his name B. that’s his name
C. that his name isD. what his name is
析:根据题意选用连词what引导,从句的语序为陈述句语序,故答案为D。
16.(石家庄)—I don’t know if his uncle _______ .—I think he _______,if it doesn’t rain.
A. will come, comesB. will come ,will come
C. comes , comesD. comes, will come
析:if意为“是否”引导宾语从句,根据句中需要用一般将来时。if意为“如果”引导状语从句常用一般现在时代替将来时,主句用一般将来时。答案为B。类似的when也根据词意区分引导状语从句或宾语从句,即when意为“当……时候”引导状语从句,意为“什么时候”引导宾语从句。
17.(兰州)I didn’t think maths _______ important at that time.
A. isB. wasC. areD. were
析:主从句时态应呼应,再就是maths作主语,谓语用was。答案为B。
18.(兰州)That’s the only thing _______ can’t be forgotten in my life.
A. thatB. whichC. whoD. ×
析:当先行词有序数词、形容词最高级、only或不定代词时,用关系代词that。答案为A。
19.(成都)I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.(合为复合句)
I’m reading a book which (that) is about Bill Gates.
析:当先行词为物时,用关系代词which或that;当先行词为人时,用who或that.
20.(广州)Mr Johnson’s story _______ by everyone who heard it .
A.laughed at B. was laughedC. laughedD. was laughed at
析:根据题意用一般过去时的被动语态,即was / were P.P。另外这里由动词+介词构成的短语,介词不能省略。答案为D。
21.(广州)Your sister works very hard ,and _______.
A. so you are B. so you doC. so are you D.so do you.
析:此题考查so作“也”的结构“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词”,此时要与前一句的动词、时态要保持一致。故答案为D。类似用法和结构“neither 助动词/情态动词/be动词”,neither意为“也不”。 如:—Would your brother go for a picnic?
—If youdon’t go, neither will he.
22.(南京)Do you think _______ an American film tomorrow?
A. is thereB. there’s going to be
C. will there beD. there’s going to have
析:根据宾语从句语序为陈述句语序排除A、C。there be的be going to结构为there be going to be。答案为B。