食品安全风险评估涉及高度的科技背景,倾向于反映专家的意见而不是民主价值,以至于限制了公众参与机制的引入。然而,食品风险的相对性及风险评估内在的不确定性,加之专家决策所固有的缺陷,决定了公众参与应成为食品安全风险评估制度的当然组成部分。为实现有意义的公众参与,可依据公众参与梯度理论,确定公众参与的程度,并在此基础上确定公众参与的具体方式与效力。 Food safety risk assessment involves a high technological background and tends to reflect the opinions of experts rather than democratic values, thus limiting the introduction of public participation mechanisms. However, the relative risk of food and the inherent uncertainty of risk assessment, together with the inherent defects of expert decision-making, determine that public participation should become an integral part of the food safety risk assessment system. In order to achieve meaningful public participation, we can determine the extent of public participation based on the public participation gradient theory and on this basis, determine the specific ways and effectiveness of public participation.