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新型含能器件微型化、芯片化、集成化、智能化的发展趋势对火工药剂提出了更高的要求，含铅类起爆药的毒性问题也日益引发担忧。长期以来受制于较高的敏感性而未被广泛实际应用的叠氮化铜，由于其绿色高能的特性，近年来愈发引起研究者的兴趣。从叠氮化铜的晶体结构理论研究、合成方法、复合含能材料的设计与制备以及它在微型装药中的实际应用等方面，对叠氮化铜含能材料的研究进展进行了总结。在此基础上，讨论了实现其应用前景的关键点：从理论上更深入地掌握其晶体结构与反应释能之间的内在关系；通过构建新型复合含能体系弥补其过于敏感的缺陷的同时，发挥其高能量密度的优势；通过实验和仿真更系统地了解其性能参数；开发先进的合成方法和装药技术以满足微机电系统（Micro‑Electro‑Mechanical System， MEMS）火工品对含能材料精密可靠装药方式提出的要求。“,”The development trend of miniaturization of modern energetic devices puts forward higher requirements for the energy density of pyrotechnic agents. In addition， as the concept of sustainable development is widely recognized and accepted， the toxicity of lead‑containing explosives has increasingly aroused people's concerns. For a long time， copper azide has been subject to extremely high sensitivity and therefore has not been widely used in weaponry and civilian blasting equipment. However， due to its green and high energy density characteristics， copper azide has attracted researchers' interest in recent years. The research progress of energetic materials based on copper azide in and abroad is summarized， mainly including the following perspectives： theoretical research on crystal structure level， synthesis methods of different ways， design and preparation of composite materials， practical application of microcharges and its performance test. As a kind of energetic material which has attracted attention in recent years， copper azide， has apparent advantages and disadvantages. The critical point to realize its potential application prospects lies in： theoretically grasping its crystal structure and reaction mechanism more deeply； making up for its overly sensitive defects while giving play to its advantages of high energy density from the perspective of structural design； to understand its performance parameters more systematically through experiments and simulations； developing advanced synthesis methods and charging technologies to meet the requirements of Micro‑Electro‑Mechanical System （MEMS） pyrotechnic devices for precise and reliable charging of energetic materials.