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目的对广州市新建的集中空调通风系统进行调查分析,了解其卫生状况并提出相应的对策,预防空气传播性疾病的发生。方法 2012-2013年抽取广州市31套新建的集中空调通风系统进行卫生学检测,检测空调送风中的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、微生物指标和风管内表面积尘量、微生物指标以及空调冷却塔水嗜肺军团菌和新风量。结果48.4%的新建集中空调通风系统卫生状况不合格。空调送风中PM10和溶血性链球菌的结果符合要求;但细菌总数和真菌总数超标,超标率分别为20.8%和11.9%;风管内表面积尘量结果合格;内表面细菌总数和真菌总数的超标率分别为1.40%和4.90%;空调冷却水嗜肺军团菌的阳性率为5%,新风量的不合格率为6.5%。结论广州市新建集中空调通风系统卫生状况堪忧,空调送风和内表面均存在微生物污染,其中办公场所和商场卫生状况最差。因此经营者和卫生机构应在设计和竣工验收阶段加强对新建集中空调通风系统的卫生监管和评价,加强对集中空调通风系统的清洗消毒,从源头上控制空调系统污染导致的健康危害。
Objective To investigate and analyze the newly-built centralized air-conditioning and ventilation system in Guangzhou, understand its health condition and put forward corresponding countermeasures to prevent the occurrence of airborne diseases. Methods From 2012 to 2013, 31 new centralized air conditioning and ventilation systems in Guangzhou were selected to carry out hygienic tests to detect PM10 in air conditioners, microbiological indexes and the amount of dust on the inner surface of air ducts, microbial indicators and water addiction Legionella pneumophila and fresh air volume. Results 48.4% of the newly-built centralized air-conditioning ventilation systems were in poor condition. Air-conditioned air PM10 and hemolytic streptococcus results meet the requirements; but the total number of bacteria and fungi exceeded the standard rates exceeded 20.8% and 11.9%; duct dust on the inner surface of qualified results; the total number of surface bacteria and fungi over the standard Rates were 1.40% and 4.90% respectively. The positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in air-conditioning cooling water was 5% and the fresh air volume was 6.5%. Conclusions The newly built centralized air-conditioning and ventilation system in Guangzhou City is in a poor health condition. Microbiological contamination exists on both the air supply and the inner surface of air-conditioners, of which the health condition in office space and shopping mall is the worst. Therefore, operators and health agencies should step up hygiene supervision and evaluation of the newly-built centralized air-conditioning ventilation system during the design and final acceptance period, strengthen the cleaning and disinfection of the centralized air-conditioning and ventilation system, and control the health hazards caused by the air-conditioning system pollution from the source.