一、水资源利用的近代发展及水利系统优化规划问题的提出水资源是除土地以外的与人类的生产、生活关系最为密切的自然资源。水资源的开发利用虽然可以说是与人类文明的历史几乎同其久远,而且水资源的利用管理,特别是洪水的治理,也很早就是我国历代安邦立国的重要考虑因素,但是从社会整体文明发展的角度和人类改造自然、规划自身环境的更高意义上来看待水资源,却只是近半世纪才开始提出和日益发 First, the modern development of water resources and water system optimization planning issues Water resources is in addition to land and human production, life most closely related to natural resources. Although the development and utilization of water resources can be said that the history of human civilization is almost as old as its history, and the utilization of water resources management, especially flood control, has long been an important consideration for our country’s antebellum statehood, but from the community as a whole From the perspective of the development of civilization and the human being’s transformation of nature and the planning of one’s own environment in a higher sense, water resources have only begun to be proposed and increasingly developed in the past half century