马克思和蒲鲁东最初是作为具有代表性的两位社会主义者发生联系的。蒲鲁东的《什么是所有权》在圣西门、傅立叶之后起了某种划时代的作用。马克思在其著作中,一方面吸取和保护蒲鲁东思想中的积极因素,另一方面又经常指出他的缺陷,希望他能摆脱小资产阶级社会主义的立场。当马克思大踏步前进的时候,蒲鲁东却不进则退,两人之间的分歧便日益彰显,最终导致公开决裂。剖析马克思与蒲鲁东关系之历史演变,是深入研究马克思新世界观从创立到公开问世的一个不可或缺的视阈。 Marx and Proudhon were originally linked as two representative socialists. Proudhon’s “what is ownership” in St. Simon, Fourier played some epoch-making role. In his works, Marx, on the one hand, absorbs and protects the positive elements of Proudhon’s thought; on the other hand, he often points out his flaws and hopes that he can get out of the position of petty-bourgeois socialism. When Marx made great strides, Proudhon did not advance or retreat, and the differences between the two became increasingly manifest, ultimately leading to a public rupture. An analysis of the historical evolution of the relationship between Marx and Proudhon is an indispensable insight for further studying Marx’s new world outlook from creation to open publication.