在山区和山前区的自动化试验站里,广泛地利用可以维持放水口前需要水位的设备,它们同时自动地通过加大的流量,消散进入下游的多余水能等等。这些设备在运行上是简单和方便的。现行装有平面、弧形或扇形闸门的壅水建筑物(在其中也有自动的)常有两个严重的缺点。下游水流的不良性和远驱式水跃衔接导致为了消散水流能量必须修建专门的建筑物,或者在相当长的距离内加固出流河床。在通过加大流量时发生壅水,这可能成 In automated test stations in mountainous and foreland areas, extensive use is made of equipment that can maintain the level of the water required before the water outlet, which at the same time automatically passes the increased flow to dissipate the excess water entering the downstream. These devices are simple and easy to run. There are often two serious drawbacks to current sluice structures (which are also automated in themselves) equipped with flat, curved or fan-shaped gates. Inadequate downstream flow and far-field hydrofacies have led to the need to build specialized buildings or to remove outflow beds over considerable distances in order to dissipate the flow energy. This can happen when slugs occur by increasing flow