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目的:了解四川省阿坝州大骨节病历史重病区内、外环境硒及T-2毒素水平。方法:2018年7月至2019年2月，在阿坝州马尔康市、壤塘县、阿坝县、若尔盖县、红原县5个大骨节病历史重病区市（县），分别选择1个历史重病区乡，每个乡选择1个历史重病区村和1个非病区村。每个村采集30名常住6 ~ 12周岁儿童发样，检测发硒含量；每个村采集10户家庭主食粮样，检测粮食硒含量及T-2毒素含量；每个村采集10份土壤样，检测土壤硒含量。结果:病区村和非病区村儿童发硒（n n = 180、120）中位数分别为0.260 0、0.330 0 mg/kg，病区村低于非病区村（n Z = - 6.319，n P < 0.01）；其中马尔康市和红原县病区村儿童发硒均低于非病区村（ n Z = - 3.327、- 4.939，n P均 0.05）。病区村和非病区村粮食硒（n n = 110、70）中位数分别为0.005 8、0.018 0 mg/kg，病区村低于非病区村（n Z = - 2.263，n P < 0.05）；其中若尔盖县病区村粮食硒低于非病区村（ n Z = - 2.306，n P 0.05）。病区村和非病区村粮食（n n = 103、65）T-2毒素含量均低于检出限（1 μg/kg）。病区村和非病区村土壤（n n = 60、40）硒含量分别为（0.045 3 ± 0.021 5）、（0.065 8 ± 0.045 4）mg/kg，病区村低于非病区村（n t = 2.672，n P < 0.05）；其中红原县病区村土壤硒低于非病区村（ n t = 14.838，n P 0.05）。n 结论:四川省阿坝州大骨节病历史重病区儿童发硒整体处于中等水平（0.25 ~ < 0.50 mg/kg），粮食、土壤硒整体处于缺乏水平（< 0.025、< 0.125 mg/kg），且病区村均低于非病区村；粮食中未检出T-2毒素。“,”Objective:To understand the levels of selenium and T-2 toxin in the historical critical disease area of Kashin-Beck disease in Aba State of Sichuan Province.Methods:From July 2018 to February 2019, in five cities (counties) of historical critical Kashin-Beck disease areas, namely, Ma'erkang, Rangtang, Aba, Ruo'ergai and Hongyuan, one township was selected, respectively, and then one village in the historical critical disease area and one village in non-disease area were selected from the selected townships. Hair samples from 30 children aged 6 to 12 years old were collected to test selenium content in each village. Staple food samples of 10 households were collected to test the selenium and T-2 toxin contents in each village. Ten soil samples were collected from each village to test the selenium content.Results:The medians selenium of children's hair in the diseased and non-diseased villages (n n= 180, 120) were 0.260 0 and 0.330 0 mg/kg, respectively, and the diseased village was lower than non-diseased village (n Z = - 6.319, n P < 0.01). In Ma'erkang and Hongyuan, the medians selenium in the diseased villages were lower than those in non-diseased villages ( n Z = - 3.327, - 4.939, n P 0.05). The medians selenium of staple food in the diseased and non-diseased villages ( n n = 110, 70) were 0.005 8 and 0.018 0 mg/kg, respectively, and the diseased village was lower than non-diseased village (n Z = - 2.263, n P < 0.05). In Ruo'ergai, the median selenium in the diseased village was lower than that in non-diseased village ( n Z = - 2.306, n P 0.05). The T-2 toxin contents in staple food were all less than detection limit (1 μg/kg) in the diseased and non-diseased villages ( n n = 103, 65). The soil selenium contents in the diseased and non-diseased villages (n n = 60, 40) were (0.045 3 ± 0.021 5) and (0.065 8 ± 0.045 4) mg/kg, respectively, and the diseased village was lower than non-diseased village (n t = 2.672, n P < 0.05). The soil selenium content in the diseased village was lower than that in non-diseased village in Hongyuan ( n t = 14.838, n P 0.05).n Conclusions:The overall selenium level of children's hair is at a medium level (0.25 - < 0.50 mg/kg) in the historical critical disease area of Aba State of Sichuan Province, the selenium levels of staple food and soil are at a deficiency level (< 0.025, < 0.125 mg/kg), and the diseased villages are lower than non-diseased villages. No T-2 toxin is detected in staple food.