Reye氏综合征是婴儿和儿童中引起发病和死亡的主要原因。其特征为脑病和肝急性脂肪变性。90%以上的病人发病前有病毒感染,95%以上的儿童有阿司匹林服药史。作者陈述证据以支持这种假说,即在水杨酸盐治疗的儿童中,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)释放增加与Reye氏综合征的发病机理有关。巨噬细胞当被各种刺激而激活时,可释放许多介质。这些介质包括两个型的白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、补体成分、干扰素及TNF。病毒及细菌可引起这些介质的释放,通过内毒素及淋巴因子如γ-干扰素、或 Reye’s syndrome is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children. It is characterized by encephalopathy and hepatic steatosis. More than 90% of patients had a viral infection before onset and over 95% of children had aspirin medication history. The authors state the evidence to support the hypothesis that an increased release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in salicylate-treated children is associated with the pathogenesis of Reye’s syndrome. Macrophages, when activated by various stimuli, release many mediators. These mediators include two types of interleukin-1 (IL-1), complement components, interferons, and TNF. Viruses and bacteria can cause the release of these mediators through endotoxin and lymphokines such as gamma-interferon, or