论文部分内容阅读
七选五阅读是高考英语全国卷、北京卷和浙江卷的一个重要题型。它是由一篇缺少5个句子的文章和文章后的7个选项组成，其中有两项为多余选项。要求根据文章内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。常考的文章体裁是说明文和议论文，这是因为它们的结构比较清晰，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等。该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。如果不小心误选一题，就有可能造成连带效应，连续出现错误。那么怎样才能更好地突破该题型呢？
1. 看结构
在解题过程中，通过观察语言结构可将选择范围大大缩小，提高正确率。
（1） 标题结构
如果考查段落标题，先看看其他标题的语言形式，同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。如果其他标题是名词短语，该题答案也多是名词短语;如果其他标题是祈使句，该题的答案也多是祈使句。例如：
Staying ahead of deadlines is a powerful way to make you more productive while reducing stress at the same time. Here are some ways to meet a deadline.
1. 36 .
This is the first step， as many people are very careless about deadlines. You have to be very serious about meeting them， and make them a priority. Once you ve done this step， the rest just happen as expected.
2. Keep a list of projects and deadlines.
If you care about deadlines， you should write down and check them often to ...
3. Break down the project.
This advice is suitable for any project. Don t try to complete an entire project ...
4. Have a start and complete date for each step.
When breaking down a project， make a start and complete date for each step， so ...
A. Care about deadlines
B. Deal with one step at a time
解析：这篇说明文主要介绍了让人们在截止日期之前完成工作的几种方法。36题要求选小标题。观察其他标题，都是祈使句，因此，本标题也可能是祈使句;七个选项中只有A、B两个选项是祈使句，这样就可以大大缩小选择范围;浏览两个选项，再看下文This is the first step， as many people are very careless about deadlines. You have to be very serious about meeting them， and make them a priority，这是第一步，你要认真对待截止日期，并优先考虑它，即要在意截止日期，故选A项。
（2） 句子结构
如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分，就要看看空后这个部分是不是完整的句子，如果是完整的句子，看看是否有连词。如果没有连词，正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。例如：
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady， gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 ， buy the best-fitting， best-built running shoes you can find.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
E. If they still feel good， you can begin running in them
解析：從句式结构上看，逗号后是祈使句，没有连词，正确答案要么是带有连词的从句，要么是一个短语，只有A、 B、 C、 E四个选项符合，这样就缩小了选择范围;根据空前句中的preparation （准备）和常识可知是“训练前”，故选C项。
再如：
There have been a lot of comments recently surrounding 5G， the next generation of wireless technology. 1 ？ How might it change our lives？
5G stands for fifth generation， meaning the next step in the progression of technology to replace the current 4G system. Earlier “G”systems were designed to improve mobile communication operations. Each new technology brought major improvements in speed and greatly increased network capacity （容量）. A. Why is 5G so popular
B. What is this technology
解析：分析句子结构，空格1应该填一个疑问句，只能从A和B中选择，再根据第二段5G stands for fifth generation， meaning the next step in the progression of technology to replace the current 4G system.可知，第一个问题是关于5G概念，故选B。
2. 看位置
根据空格所在位置确定不同的解题策略。
（1） 空格句在段首，选项可能是：
①段落主题句：阅读后文的内容，推断出段落主题，选出正确选项。
②过渡句：在后文找不到解题线索时，就要想到空格句子可能起到承上启下的作用，试着从上一段的结尾处寻找线索。正确选项通常与上一段结尾能够自然地衔接起来。
（2） 空格句在段尾，选项可能是：
①全文的主题句：如果是这种情况，空格句常在第一段末尾，此时要把握全文主题来分析作答。
②总结、概括性句子：阅读选项，先搜寻选项中是否有表示总结的词或短语，如in conclusion， in summary， in a word， therefore等等;再看哪个选项是对前文内容的总结、概括。
③本段所阐述问题的一个方面：段尾的空格句是段落主题下的一个细节，和前文是并列、排比、转折等关系。抓住关联词或段落结构，对比选项，得出答案。
（3） 空格句在段中，要通过分析句子间逻辑关系进行解题。文中出现逻辑关系词或短语时，可以快速判断出句子间的逻辑关系，是选择答案时的重要线索。
常见逻辑关系词和短语如下：
●并列关系：and， not only... but also...， similarly， likewise
●递进关系：besides， what s more， in addition， additionally， moreover， furthermore
●因果关系：because， since， as， therefore， thus， as a result， consequently
●转折、对比关系：but， however， on the contrary， by contrast， on the other hand， while
●让步关系：though， although， even though， even if， nevertheless， despite， in spite of
●列举关系：first/second/third...， in the first place/ in the second place， to begin with， on one hand... on the other hand， for one thing... for another...
●举例关系：for example， for instance， such as...， take... for example， namely
●条件关系：if， as long as， on condition that， providing that
例如：
4 . The increased data flow across 5G networks would give Internet attackers a lot more possibilities to steal and misuse data. In addition， the wider use of a 5G wireless network means any breakdown of the system would have more widespread and severe results. Such difficulties could affect public safety. 5 ， or a network breakdown could cause self-driving vehicles to crash.
A. Why is 5G so popular
B. What is this technology
C. Every coin has two sides
D. The new 5G system promises more of the same
E. It will move beyond mobile network technology
F. A breakdown of 5G networks may cause economic losses
G. A failure during a doctor s remote operation could lead to death
解析：空格4位于句首，上文講5G带来了许多好处，而本段主要讲述5G技术可能存在的风险，即5G的两面性，有积极的一面，也有消极的一面，故选C。5G如同“硬币的正反面”，起到承上启下的作用。
空格5位于段中，空格前一句Such difficulties could affect public safety，讲述这些困难可能会影响公共安全，空格后一句or a network breakdown could cause self-driving vehicles to crash，网络故障可能会导致自动驾驶汽车出车祸，这是影响公共安全的一个具体阐述，选项应该是另一项具体阐述，故选G，远程手术的失败可能造成病人死亡。 3. 找线索
每一个句子都要包含一些和上下句相似或有关的信息，因此可以根据上下文找到线索。
（1） 词语复现
词语复现包括原词复现，同义词复现，近义词复现，反义词复现等等，即正确选项和空格前后句子有相同的词，或同义词或反义词相互呼应。抓住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。例如：
You don t have to buy a lot of expensive and new gear （装备）
Some skiers who owned nice winter jackets couldn t go on the trip. 3 “I have a neighbour who let me borrow some of his gear. That was very helpful，” says 13-year-old Matt Rizer.
Don t forget to wear a helmet （頭盔）
Whether you re a beginner or an expert， you re going to fall， and sometimes you re going to fall hard. “I went down to one run that was pretty hard，” Nate， a skiing learner， says， “ 4 ”
A. Don t worry about falling.
B. I felt like I was learning pretty quickly.
C. I fell down and I was glad I was wearing a helmet.
D. Don t think that you ski well enough not to wear a helmet.
E. So they lent their clothes to other skiers.
解析：空格3前一句Some skiers who owned nice winter jackets couldn t go on the trip，一些滑雪者拥有很好的滑雪服，但不去滑雪，因此他们可以把滑雪服借给其他人。空格后的句子以“我”为例进行证明，选项E中的their clothes就是winter jackets的同义重复。
空格4位于段尾，本段讲不要忘记戴头盔，不管你是初学者还是熟手，都可能摔跤。然后用一初学者的话进行印证，选项C中的fell和helmet，就是原词再现。
（2） 代词指代
英语表达中代词出现的频率很高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的具体人或事物，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和代词的单复数差异可以准确快速地解答题目。例如：
Recently， people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for？
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？
F. Just as importantly， we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country， recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
解析：根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。只有G选项提到地点名词，在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places就是Healing Gardens，故选G。
再如：
“I adore dancing，” says Lester Bridges， the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can t imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 37 It s great to watch them. For many of them， it s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”
A. So why do we dance？
B. Dance in the U.S. is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors， come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even when I m extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
解析：根据前文Bridges runs dance classes for all ages，Bridges开设的舞蹈课适合各个年龄阶段的人，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句It s great to watch them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以D和F符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对他们的好处，故选D。
1. 看结构
在解题过程中，通过观察语言结构可将选择范围大大缩小，提高正确率。
（1） 标题结构
如果考查段落标题，先看看其他标题的语言形式，同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。如果其他标题是名词短语，该题答案也多是名词短语;如果其他标题是祈使句，该题的答案也多是祈使句。例如：
Staying ahead of deadlines is a powerful way to make you more productive while reducing stress at the same time. Here are some ways to meet a deadline.
1. 36 .
This is the first step， as many people are very careless about deadlines. You have to be very serious about meeting them， and make them a priority. Once you ve done this step， the rest just happen as expected.
2. Keep a list of projects and deadlines.
If you care about deadlines， you should write down and check them often to ...
3. Break down the project.
This advice is suitable for any project. Don t try to complete an entire project ...
4. Have a start and complete date for each step.
When breaking down a project， make a start and complete date for each step， so ...
A. Care about deadlines
B. Deal with one step at a time
解析：这篇说明文主要介绍了让人们在截止日期之前完成工作的几种方法。36题要求选小标题。观察其他标题，都是祈使句，因此，本标题也可能是祈使句;七个选项中只有A、B两个选项是祈使句，这样就可以大大缩小选择范围;浏览两个选项，再看下文This is the first step， as many people are very careless about deadlines. You have to be very serious about meeting them， and make them a priority，这是第一步，你要认真对待截止日期，并优先考虑它，即要在意截止日期，故选A项。
（2） 句子结构
如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分，就要看看空后这个部分是不是完整的句子，如果是完整的句子，看看是否有连词。如果没有连词，正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。例如：
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady， gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 ， buy the best-fitting， best-built running shoes you can find.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
E. If they still feel good， you can begin running in them
解析：從句式结构上看，逗号后是祈使句，没有连词，正确答案要么是带有连词的从句，要么是一个短语，只有A、 B、 C、 E四个选项符合，这样就缩小了选择范围;根据空前句中的preparation （准备）和常识可知是“训练前”，故选C项。
再如：
There have been a lot of comments recently surrounding 5G， the next generation of wireless technology. 1 ？ How might it change our lives？
5G stands for fifth generation， meaning the next step in the progression of technology to replace the current 4G system. Earlier “G”systems were designed to improve mobile communication operations. Each new technology brought major improvements in speed and greatly increased network capacity （容量）. A. Why is 5G so popular
B. What is this technology
解析：分析句子结构，空格1应该填一个疑问句，只能从A和B中选择，再根据第二段5G stands for fifth generation， meaning the next step in the progression of technology to replace the current 4G system.可知，第一个问题是关于5G概念，故选B。
2. 看位置
根据空格所在位置确定不同的解题策略。
（1） 空格句在段首，选项可能是：
①段落主题句：阅读后文的内容，推断出段落主题，选出正确选项。
②过渡句：在后文找不到解题线索时，就要想到空格句子可能起到承上启下的作用，试着从上一段的结尾处寻找线索。正确选项通常与上一段结尾能够自然地衔接起来。
（2） 空格句在段尾，选项可能是：
①全文的主题句：如果是这种情况，空格句常在第一段末尾，此时要把握全文主题来分析作答。
②总结、概括性句子：阅读选项，先搜寻选项中是否有表示总结的词或短语，如in conclusion， in summary， in a word， therefore等等;再看哪个选项是对前文内容的总结、概括。
③本段所阐述问题的一个方面：段尾的空格句是段落主题下的一个细节，和前文是并列、排比、转折等关系。抓住关联词或段落结构，对比选项，得出答案。
（3） 空格句在段中，要通过分析句子间逻辑关系进行解题。文中出现逻辑关系词或短语时，可以快速判断出句子间的逻辑关系，是选择答案时的重要线索。
常见逻辑关系词和短语如下：
●并列关系：and， not only... but also...， similarly， likewise
●递进关系：besides， what s more， in addition， additionally， moreover， furthermore
●因果关系：because， since， as， therefore， thus， as a result， consequently
●转折、对比关系：but， however， on the contrary， by contrast， on the other hand， while
●让步关系：though， although， even though， even if， nevertheless， despite， in spite of
●列举关系：first/second/third...， in the first place/ in the second place， to begin with， on one hand... on the other hand， for one thing... for another...
●举例关系：for example， for instance， such as...， take... for example， namely
●条件关系：if， as long as， on condition that， providing that
例如：
4 . The increased data flow across 5G networks would give Internet attackers a lot more possibilities to steal and misuse data. In addition， the wider use of a 5G wireless network means any breakdown of the system would have more widespread and severe results. Such difficulties could affect public safety. 5 ， or a network breakdown could cause self-driving vehicles to crash.
A. Why is 5G so popular
B. What is this technology
C. Every coin has two sides
D. The new 5G system promises more of the same
E. It will move beyond mobile network technology
F. A breakdown of 5G networks may cause economic losses
G. A failure during a doctor s remote operation could lead to death
解析：空格4位于句首，上文講5G带来了许多好处，而本段主要讲述5G技术可能存在的风险，即5G的两面性，有积极的一面，也有消极的一面，故选C。5G如同“硬币的正反面”，起到承上启下的作用。
空格5位于段中，空格前一句Such difficulties could affect public safety，讲述这些困难可能会影响公共安全，空格后一句or a network breakdown could cause self-driving vehicles to crash，网络故障可能会导致自动驾驶汽车出车祸，这是影响公共安全的一个具体阐述，选项应该是另一项具体阐述，故选G，远程手术的失败可能造成病人死亡。 3. 找线索
每一个句子都要包含一些和上下句相似或有关的信息，因此可以根据上下文找到线索。
（1） 词语复现
词语复现包括原词复现，同义词复现，近义词复现，反义词复现等等，即正确选项和空格前后句子有相同的词，或同义词或反义词相互呼应。抓住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。例如：
You don t have to buy a lot of expensive and new gear （装备）
Some skiers who owned nice winter jackets couldn t go on the trip. 3 “I have a neighbour who let me borrow some of his gear. That was very helpful，” says 13-year-old Matt Rizer.
Don t forget to wear a helmet （頭盔）
Whether you re a beginner or an expert， you re going to fall， and sometimes you re going to fall hard. “I went down to one run that was pretty hard，” Nate， a skiing learner， says， “ 4 ”
A. Don t worry about falling.
B. I felt like I was learning pretty quickly.
C. I fell down and I was glad I was wearing a helmet.
D. Don t think that you ski well enough not to wear a helmet.
E. So they lent their clothes to other skiers.
解析：空格3前一句Some skiers who owned nice winter jackets couldn t go on the trip，一些滑雪者拥有很好的滑雪服，但不去滑雪，因此他们可以把滑雪服借给其他人。空格后的句子以“我”为例进行证明，选项E中的their clothes就是winter jackets的同义重复。
空格4位于段尾，本段讲不要忘记戴头盔，不管你是初学者还是熟手，都可能摔跤。然后用一初学者的话进行印证，选项C中的fell和helmet，就是原词再现。
（2） 代词指代
英语表达中代词出现的频率很高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的具体人或事物，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和代词的单复数差异可以准确快速地解答题目。例如：
Recently， people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for？
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？
F. Just as importantly， we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country， recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
解析：根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。只有G选项提到地点名词，在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places就是Healing Gardens，故选G。
再如：
“I adore dancing，” says Lester Bridges， the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can t imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 37 It s great to watch them. For many of them， it s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”
A. So why do we dance？
B. Dance in the U.S. is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors， come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even when I m extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
解析：根据前文Bridges runs dance classes for all ages，Bridges开设的舞蹈课适合各个年龄阶段的人，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句It s great to watch them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以D和F符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对他们的好处，故选D。