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目的了解2008～2010年天津市区人群出生缺陷的发生情况及其影响因素。方法对2008～2010年居住在天津市市内6区的产妇所分娩的胎婴儿资料进行分析。结果共收集围产儿65990例,出生缺陷儿1062例,发生率为160.93/万。男、女性胎婴儿出生缺陷发生率分别为172.34/万和146.65/万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.902,P﹤0.01);与20～29岁相比,产妇年龄在30岁以上,尤其是40岁以上时,胎婴儿出生缺陷发生率分别为189.61/万和482.76/万(χ2=18.849,P﹤0.001);早产儿和低出生体重儿出生缺陷的发生率显著增加(χ2=404.491,P﹤0.001;χ2=381.164,P﹤0.001);死胎死产、7d内死亡以及7～42d内死亡的胎婴儿出生缺陷发生率为3505.98/万,是活产儿的25.91倍(χ2=3663.76,P﹤0.01)。男性胎婴儿、高龄产妇、分娩孕周小于37周、低出生体重是出生缺陷的危险因素。结论天津市2010年出生缺陷发生率呈上升趋势,出生缺陷儿更容易发生在高龄产妇分娩的胎婴儿、早产儿和低出生体重儿中,且病死率高,预后不良。
Objective To understand the incidence of birth defects and its influencing factors among urban population in Tianjin from 2008 to 2010. Methods The data of fetuses born in 6 districts of Tianjin city from 2008 to 2010 were analyzed. Results A total of 65990 cases of perinatal children were collected, with 1062 children with birth defects, the incidence rate was 160.93 / million. The incidence of birth defects in both male and female fetuses was 172.34 per million and 146.65 per thousand, respectively, with significant differences (χ2 = 6.902, P <0.01). Compared with those aged 20-29, maternal age was over 30 years of age, especially The incidence of birth defects in fetuses was 189.61 / million and 482.76 / 10000 respectively (χ2 = 18.849, P <0.001) when they were over 40 years old. The incidence of birth defects in premature and low birth weight children was significantly increased (χ2 = 404.491, P <0.001; χ2 = 381.164, P <0.001). The incidence of birth defects in stillbirths, births within 7 days and fetal deaths within 7 to 42 days was 3505.98 per million, 25.91 times of those in live births (χ2 = 3663.76, P <0.01). Male fetus babies, older mothers, gestational age less than 37 weeks, low birth weight is a risk factor for birth defects. Conclusion The incidence of birth defects in Tianjin is on the rise in 2010. Birth defects are more likely to occur in fetus, premature babies and low birth weight babies born of elder mothers, with high mortality and poor prognosis.