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病案资料是医疗活动的重要信息载体,也是开展医学科学研究的重要资源。基于病案资料,研究范畴可包括病因学与危险因素研究、早期诊断研究、防治研究、卫生经济学研究和预后研究等;研究设计可采用描述性研究、队列研究、病例对照研究、历史对照研究和诊断试验等;统计方法可包括基本描述、组间比较、相关分析、回归分析、生存分析和数据挖掘方法等。病案资料有回顾性资料、非结构化资料和均衡性差等不足,可通过增加样本量、二次结构化、采用医疗科研信息一体化系统、倾向性评分、分层分析和多因素分析等方法进行处理,以提高研究结果的科学性。
Medical records information is an important information carrier of medical activities, but also to carry out medical research an important resource. Based on the medical record data, the research scope may include etiology and risk factors, early diagnosis, prevention and control, health economics and prognosis; and the research design may use descriptive, cohort, case-control, historical control and Diagnostic tests, etc .; statistical methods can include basic description, comparison between groups, correlation analysis, regression analysis, survival analysis and data mining methods. There are retrospective medical records data, unstructured data and poor balance, etc., by increasing the sample size, secondary structure, the use of medical research information integration system, propensity score, stratified analysis and multivariate analysis methods Processed to improve the scientific findings.