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为了探明拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)的视觉距离与环境颜色选择情况,采用死果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)和拟环纹豹蛛为实验材料,自制实验设备,分别测定了拟环纹豹蛛的视觉距离(3 cm、4 cm、5 cm、6 cm、7 cm)和其对红、橙、黄、绿颜色的选择。第一组实验,在拟环纹豹蛛饥饿的情况下,观察记录其对不同距离果蝇的选择停留时间,以此来确定其视觉距离。第二组实验,观察记录拟环纹豹蛛对不同颜色的选择停留时间,以此来确定其对环境颜色选择情况。第一组实验结果表明,拟环纹豹蛛在视觉上可以感知距离,其对于3、4、5、6 cm这4个距离的果蝇都具有敏感性。拟环纹豹蛛对距离3 cm和距离4 cm果蝇的视觉敏感性相近且最好,对距离5 cm和距离6 cm的果蝇仍具有视觉敏感性,且敏感性相近,但对距离5 cm比距离4 cm的果蝇的偏爱选择指数明显下降(P<0.05),说明敏感性显著下降,对距离7 cm以上果蝇的视觉感知几乎不存在。拟环纹豹蛛选择停留在有果蝇处的标准曲线为y=-9.6770x+118.74,R2=0.837 8,选择停留在无果蝇处的标准曲线y=9.675 0x-18.729,R2=0.837 7,随着与果蝇距离的增加,拟环纹豹蛛视觉的感知性逐渐减弱,甚至消失,说明与果蝇的距离与拟环纹豹蛛视觉的敏感性呈负相关关系。第二组拟环纹豹蛛对颜色选择的实验中,计算出拟环纹豹蛛对4种颜色的偏爱选择指数,红色为35.40%±1.60%,绿色36.03%±1.60%,黄色18.01%±1.60%,橙色10.56%±1.60%,即拟环纹豹蛛对黄色和橙色的敏感性显著低于对红色和绿色的敏感性(P<0.05),其对红色和绿色最敏感,说明拟环纹豹蛛对不同波长的光色敏感性存在差异。
In order to find out the visual distance and environmental color selection of Pardosa pseudoannulata, Drosophila melanogaster and Pterodactylla leopard were used as experimental materials and homemade experimental equipment. Visual distance of spider (3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm) and its choice of red, orange, yellow and green colors. In the first experiment, the visual distance was determined by observing and recording the selection dwell time of flies in different distances in the case of starvation panthers. In the second experiment, we observed and recorded the choice dwell time for different colors of Piraeo lepidoptera in order to determine the color selection of the environment. The first set of experimental results show that Pterodactylis pantalis can visually perceive the distance, which is sensitive to Drosophila at 4, 4, 5 and 6 cm distances. The pterostille spider was similar and the best in visual sensibility to 3 cm and 4 cm fruit flies, but also visual sensitive to Drosophila melanogaster at a distance of 5 cm and a distance of 6 cm, The preference preference index of fruit flies with a distance of 4 cm decreased significantly (P <0.05), indicating a significant decrease in sensitivity and almost no visual perception of fruit flies at distances of more than 7 cm. The standard curve of the pterosaurs in the selection of fruit flies was y = -9.6770x + 118.74, R2 = 0.837 8, and the standard curve of stay in fruitless flies y = 9.675 0x-18.729, R2 = 0.837 7 , With the increase of the distance from fruit flies, the visual perception of Piraeoides pantalis diminished gradually or even disappeared, indicating that the distance from Drosophila was negatively correlated with the sensitivities of Piraeus sp. In the second experiment of color selection, the preference index of the four species was calculated as follows: red for 35.40% ± 1.60%, green for 36.03% ± 1.60% and yellow for 18.01% ± 1.60% and orange 10.56% ± 1.60%, respectively, that is, the sensitivity of Pterodactylus panthers to yellow and orange was significantly lower than that of red and green (P <0.05), which was the most sensitive to red and green, Leopard spiders on the different wavelengths of light color sensitivity differences.