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环境减灾A、B星是我国首次发射的专门用于灾害监测与评估业务的两颗光学小卫星。作为环境减灾小卫星星座建设的重要组成,A、B星的发射标志着环境减灾小卫星星座组网的正式开始,也标志着我国灾害遥感监测评估有了稳定数据源。环境减灾小卫星星座A、B星分别搭载了多光谱成像仪、红外相机和超广谱成像仪,最大观测幅宽达到700 km,最快重返周期小于48 h。环境减灾小卫星星座具备宽视场覆盖、高重访频率、多谱段观测的特点,因此星座卫星多传感器的综合应用适合雪灾、洪涝灾害等大范围灾害的动态监测与评估。在介绍环境减灾A、B星有关性能指标和参数的基础上,结合环境减灾A、B星数据在2008年10月26日至28日西藏雪灾中的应用情况,对卫星数据在雪灾监测与评估业务中的应用能力和技术路线进行了研究和评价,并建立了环境减灾A、B星在雪灾范围评估、风险预警与灾情评估的技术路线,以期为开展雪灾监测评估应用、尽快发挥减灾应用效益提供思路。
Environmental Disaster Reduction A and B stars are the first two small optical satellites launched in China for disaster monitoring and assessment business. As an important component of the constellation of small satellite constellations for environmental mitigation, the launch of A and B stars marks the official start of the network of small satellite constellations for environmental mitigation and also marks a stable data source for monitoring and assessment of disaster remote sensing in China. The mini-satellite constellations A and B of the Environmental Disaster Reduction are equipped with multi-spectral imagers, infrared cameras and ultra-wide-spectrum imagers respectively. The maximum observation width reaches 700 km and the fastest return period is less than 48 h. Therefore, the comprehensive application of constellation satellite multi-sensor is suitable for the dynamic monitoring and assessment of large-scale disasters such as snow disaster and flood disasters. Based on the introduction of relevant performance indicators and parameters of environmental mitigation A and B stars and the application of environmental mitigation data of A and B stars in the snowstorm in Tibet from October 26 to 28, 2008, Business application capabilities and technology routes have been studied and evaluated, and established a disaster environment A, B stars in the snow disaster assessment, risk warning and disaster assessment of the technical route, in order to carry out snow monitoring and evaluation applications, as soon as possible to play a disaster reduction application efficiency Provide ideas.