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占有作为一种事实状态是我们最常见到的人对物的关系。我们手中握的笔、租来的生产设备、承包的农村土地、替别人保管的旅行包等等,在法权状态上,这些物或归我们所有,或归别人所有;或是租赁物,或是保管物等等。无论人对这些物形成怎样的控制与支配关系,它们都有一个共同的特点:即人对这些物存在一种占有的事实关系。为了维护人对物的事实控制秩序,占有制度在日常生活中发挥着十分重要的作用,2007年出台的《物权法》第一次在第19章中对“占有”制度专章予以规定。虽然,“占有”一章仅有短短五条,但其意义重大,对维护物的事实秩序,对交易安全的保护将起到重要作用。那么,在法律上所说的占有应该如何理解?它和所有、持有的区别是什么?未经本人同意占有、使用本人的东西法律上该如何处理?占有人又享有哪些权利、应承担哪些义务?对此,有必要了解《物权法》关于占有制度的规定。
Possession as a factual state is the most common human-object relationship we have. The pens held in our hands, the rented production equipment, the contracted rural land, the traveling bags kept for others, etc., are, at the hands of the law, owned or owned by us; or are rented or Is safekeeping and so on. Whatever their control and dominance over these things, they all share a common characteristic: that man has a possessive factual relationship with these things. In order to maintain the factual control order of human beings, the possession system plays a very important role in daily life. The Real Right Law which was promulgated in 2007 for the first time stipulates the special chapter of “possession” in Chapter 19. Although the chapter on “Possession” is only a short five, it is of great significance and will play an important role in safeguarding the factual order of things and the protection of transaction security. So, what should be understood in terms of law? What is the difference between it and all, what is held? What should I do with my own possession, what should I do in my law? What rights do possessors have? Obligation? In this regard, it is necessary to understand the “Property Law” on the system of possession requirements.