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民国初期,在西北的甘肃、宁夏、青海地区,聚集着几股强大的地方武装力量。由于其首领皆为甘肃河州(今临夏)回族马姓,故被俗称“西北群马”。“西北群马”是以家族世袭统治和宗教控制为特点的封建军事集团。到了上世纪40年代后期,“西北群马”中以青海“土皇帝”马步芳最具实力。一马步芳,字子香,1903年生。早年曾入宁海军官训练团,结业后和其胞兄马步青一道,加入其父马麒和叔父马麟统率的青海地方军事集团。马步芳家族可谓民国时期青海第一家族,发迹于其祖父马海晏。马氏祖上世
In the early Republican China, several powerful local armed forces gathered in Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai in the northwest. Because of its leaders are Gansu Hezhou (now Linxia) Hui Ma name, it is commonly known as “Northwest Gunma ”. “Northwest Gunma ” is a feudal military group characterized by family hereditary rule and religious control. To the late 40s of last century, “Northwest Gunma ” in Qinghai “earth emperor ” Ma Bufang the most powerful. A horse Bu Fang, word Zi Hong, born in 1903. In his early years, he had joined the Ninghai military officer training corps and, after graduation, joined his brother, Ma Buqing, to join Qinghai local military group with his father Ma Qi and his uncle Ma Lin. Ma Bufang family can be described as the first family in Qinghai during the Republic, fortune in his grandfather Ma Haiyan. Ma’s ancestors