康德认为和平必须建立在法权的基础之上。在前期的著作中,他从国内类比出发,认为国际法权的实现需要建立一个具有强制力的世界共和国,然而,在后期的著作中,却主张成立一个自愿的国家联盟。这一转变主要源于其对国家的道德人格的先验假设。尽管如此,他并未放弃世界共和国的理想。他关于国际法权的制度安排本质上是一种二元论。 Kant believes that peace must be based on legal rights. In the earlier works, he proceeded from the analogy in the country and believed that the realization of international legal rights needed to establish a coercive world republic. However, in later works, he advocated the establishment of a voluntary national alliance. This shift stems mainly from its prior assumptions about the country’s moral personality. Despite this, he did not give up the ideal of a world republic. His institutional arrangement on international legal rights is essentially a dualism.