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糖尿病引起的代谢和形态学改变可影响神经系统。神经元对血糖水平是敏感的,血循环中的脂质水平变化似乎很少影响中枢神经系统,但对周围神经根的组成有影响。血内胰岛素的水平能改变通过血脑屏障的通透性。血管形态学的改变,如微血管基底膜增厚以及不同程度的粥样硬化,对中枢神经系统和周围神经的血液供应也有影响。偶而周围神经病在临床诊断糖尿病之前发生,说明可能还有一种未被认识的因素在起作用。
Diabetes-induced metabolic and morphological changes can affect the nervous system. Neurons are sensitive to blood glucose levels. Changes in blood levels of the blood circulation seem to affect the central nervous system seldom but affect the composition of the peripheral nerve roots. Blood insulin levels alter the permeability across the blood-brain barrier. Vascular morphological changes, such as thickening of the basement membrane of the microvessel and varying degrees of atherosclerosis also affect the blood supply to the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. Occasionally peripheral neuropathy occurs before clinical diagnosis of diabetes, suggesting that there may be an unrecognized factor at work.