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以α-溴代十四酸乙酯和4-癸基苯酚为原料,经Williamson醚化、磺化及皂化反应制备了一种不对称阴离子Gemini表面活性剂α-(4-癸基-2-磺基)-苯氧基十四酸钠,简写为C12CO2Na-p-C10SO3Na,考察了醚化反应条件,并用FTIR和1HNMR表征了中间体及目标产物结构。结果表明,醚化反应的最佳条件为:以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和甲苯作溶剂,无水K2CO3作缚酸剂,物料比n(α-溴代十四酸乙酯)∶n(4-癸基苯酚)=1.05∶1,回流反应3 h,醚化产物收率为77.2%(以4-癸基苯酚计)。采用吊片法测定了目标产物的表面活性,其表面张力最低可降至26 mN/m左右,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为3.28×10-6mol/L,比相应常规单链表面活性剂十四烷酸钠和间癸基苯磺酸钠的CMC低3个数量级,体现出Gemini表面活性剂优异的表面活性。
An asymmetric anionic Gemini surfactant, α- (4-decyl-2- (4-decyl) -2- Sulfo) -phenoxytetradecanoate, abbreviated as C12CO2Na-p-C10SO3Na. The conditions for the etherification were investigated. The structures of the intermediates and the target product were characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the etherification reaction were as follows: N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and toluene as solvent, anhydrous K2CO3 as acid-binding agent, Ester): n (4-decylphenol) = 1.05:1, and refluxed for 3 h. The yield of etherified product was 77.2% (based on 4-decylphenol). The surface activity of the target product was measured by the hanging sheet method. The lowest surface tension could be reduced to 26 mN / m and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was 3.28 × 10-6 mol / L, which was lower than that of the corresponding conventional single-chain surfactant The CMC of sodium tetra-n-octoate and sodium dec-decylbenzene sulfonate is 3 orders of magnitude lower, reflecting the excellent surface activity of Gemini surfactants.