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目的探讨肩胛上神经卡压症的解剖学机制,为临床诊断和治疗提供解剖学依据。方法22具(男13具,女9具)44侧成尸标本,解剖观测肩胛上切迹,冈盂切迹的形态特点以及肩胛上神经走行、分支及分布的解剖学特点,所测数据统计学处理。结果肩胛上切迹类型:U型占40.91%(18侧),浅U型占22.73%(10侧),大弧型占27.27%(12侧),方形占9.01%(4侧)四种。肩胛上切迹的厚度为(1.55±0.36)mm。肩胛上神经主干与冈上肌支所成角为(86.04±1.28)°。冈下肌支的入肌点,有22.73%在该肌的起点处,77.27%在中或外1/3处。冈盂切迹的厚度在(6.82±1.21)mm。肩胛上神经自肩胛上孔穿出点至肩胛冈基底部的高度为(11.13±0.21)mm;至冈盂切迹的水平距离为(14.03±0.64)mm。肩胛上神经转折角为(49.65±1.63)°。结论肩胛上切迹的类型、肩胛上切迹和冈盂切迹的厚度,肩胛上神经转折角的大小、神经主干与冈上肌支的角度以及冈下肌支的入肌点等均是肩胛上神经卡压的危险因素。
Objective To investigate the anatomic mechanism of suprascapular nerve compression syndrome and provide anatomical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Twenty - two male and 13 female cadavers (44 females) were divided into two groups according to their anatomical characteristics: anatomical observation of the suprascapular notch, morphological features of the supraomnographic notch, and the anatomic features of the suprascapular nerve, Learn to deal with. Results Type of suprascapular notch: U type accounted for 40.91% (18 sides), shallow U type accounted for 22.73% (10 sides), large arc accounted for 27.27% (12 sides) and square accounted for 9.01% (4 sides). The thickness of the suprascapular notch is (1.55 ± 0.36) mm. The suprascapular nerve trunk and supraspinatus branches angle (86.04 ± 1.28) °. Gangmu muscle into the muscle branch, with 22.73% at the beginning of the muscle, 77.27% in the middle or outer 1/3. The thickness of the glenoid notch was (6.82 ± 1.21) mm. The height of the suprascapular nerve from the suprascapular hole to the base of the scapular base was (11.13 ± 0.21) mm. The horizontal distance from the suprascapular notch was (14.03 ± 0.64) mm. Suprascapular nerve turning angle was (49.65 ± 1.63) °. Conclusion The types of suprascapular notch, the thickness of the suprascapular notch and the notch of the supraomnographic notch, the size of the suprascapular nerve transition angle, the angle of the nerve trunk and supraspinatus, and the infraspinatus of the supraspinatus are the scapular Upper nerve compression risk factors.