肝硬化是由多种原因损害肝脏,引起肝内结缔组织增生、正常结构破坏、肝质变硬的一种慢性肝病。除肝脏损害外,肝硬化也可引起体内其它器官改变,其中也包括肺脏。胸腔积液肝硬化失代偿期常会合并少量胸腔积液,但大量积液者一般不及1％。有认为肝硬化腹水可经膈肌和胸、腹膜的正常淋巴道进入胸腔,低蛋白血症导致血浆渗透压降低也有一定关系。这类胸水可见于双侧,但更多见于右侧胸腔。因为病者在右侧卧位时,血流从右肺静脉回流至左室的压力需提高10cm以上,而左侧卧位时从左肺静脉回流至左室的压力仅需提高5cm。假如患者卧于两侧的时间相等,为了维持血流通畅则右肺平均静脉压比左肺的高,所以在其他因素相同情况下液体将首先出现在右侧胸腔。这类胸积液一般量较少,为漏出液,但肝硬化大量腹水者,有时可通过其它异常途径引起大量胸腔积液。1955年 Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease that damages the liver for many reasons, causes the proliferation of connective tissue in the liver, damages the normal structure, and hardens the liver. In addition to liver damage, cirrhosis can also cause other organs in the body to change, including lungs. Pleural effusion Cirrhosis decompensated often combined with a small amount of pleural effusion, but a large number of effusion are generally less than 1%. Have that cirrhosis of the ascites by the diaphragm and thoracic, peritoneal normal lymphatic into the chest, hypoproteinemia lead to decreased plasma osmolarity also have a certain relationship. Such pleural effusion can be seen on both sides, but more found in the right chest. Because the patient in the right lateral position, the blood flow from the right pulmonary vein back to the left ventricular pressure increased by 10cm, while the left lateral position when the pressure from the left pulmonary vein back to the left ventricular pressure increased only 5cm. If the patient is lying on both sides for the same amount of time, the mean right venous pressure is higher in the right lung than in the left lung in order to maintain blood flow, so the liquid will first appear in the right chest if other factors are the same. This type of chest fluid generally less, as leakage of fluid, but a large number of liver cirrhosis who may sometimes cause a lot of other abnormal pleural effusion. 1955