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干扰素(interferon,IFN)为体内主要的抗病毒细胞因子,新发现的III型干扰素IFN-λ4与丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的自发清除或治疗无效密切相关。IFN-λ4只能存在于携带IFNL4-ΔG等位基因(rs368234815)个体,它是预测HCV清除的最佳宿主因素。IFN-λ4也通过IFN-λ受体复合物传递信号,并通过激活JAK-STAT途径诱导干扰素刺激基因(IFN-stimulatedgene,ISG)的表达。IFN-λ4能诱导抗病毒活性,却同时影响了HCV的有效清除。因此,解决IFN-λ4这种看似矛盾的功能问题,可能会对HCV感染和干扰素生物学的免疫反应产生重要的新见解。
Interferon (IFN) is the major antiviral cytokine in the body. The newly discovered type III interferon IFN-λ4 is closely related to the spontaneous clearance or treatment ineffectiveness of hepatitis C virus (HCV). IFN-λ4 can only exist in individuals carrying the IFNL4-ΔG allele (rs368234815), which is the best predictor of HCV clearance. IFN-λ4 also signals through the IFN-λ receptor complex and induces the expression of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) by activating the JAK-STAT pathway. IFN-λ4 can induce antiviral activity, but at the same time affect the effective clearance of HCV. Therefore, addressing the seemingly contradictory functional problems of IFN-λ4 may lead to important new insights into the immune response to HCV infection and interferon biology.