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辽西地区干旱缺水,为了保障粮食生产和提高旱情抵御能力,将有限的灌溉水资源合理利用,本文研究了玉米单生育期受旱和连旱对玉米生长、产量和水分利用效率等的影响。结果表明,各生育期单旱连旱均不利于玉米生长和产量形成;连旱使作物生长受抑加重,减产加剧,最大减产达到42.6%;苗期、拔节期和抽穗期玉米生长和最终产量较容易受干旱影响,而灌浆期受旱影响相对较小;各处理水分利用效率(WUE)在2.2~3.23 kg·m-3之间变化,由大到小顺序为苗期拔节期连旱>对照>灌浆期单旱>拔节抽穗期连旱≈苗期单旱>抽穗灌浆期连旱>拔节期单旱>抽穗期单旱,拔节和抽穗期受旱将导致WUE下降,连旱有利于提高WUE,但不利于保障粮食生产。因此,综合考虑粮食生产和水分利用效率,当灌溉水资源匮乏时,可在灌浆期适度水分控制灌溉。
In order to ensure food production and drought resilience and to utilize limited irrigation water resources rationally, this paper studied the effects of drought and drought on maize growth, yield and water use efficiency in maize. The results showed that single drought did not benefit the growth and yield formation of maize in each growth period; even the drought caused the growth of crops to be aggravated, and the yield was reduced by 42.6%; the growth and final yield of maize at seedling stage, jointing stage and heading stage The WUE of the treatments varied from 2.2 to 3.23 kg · m-3, and the descending order of the water use efficiency (WUE) at the jointing stage was continuous drought at seedling stage> Control> Single drought at filling stage> Continuous drought at heading stage> Single drought at heading stage> Single drought at heading stage> Single drought at heading stage> Single drought at heading stage> Single drought at heading stage and drought at jointing and heading stage will lead to a decrease in WUE, WUE, but not conducive to the protection of food production. Therefore, taking into account food production and water use efficiency, moderate irrigation of water during the filling stage can be achieved when irrigation water is scarce.