《理想国》第1卷提出了“什么是正义”的问题。整体来看,苏格拉底将正义把握为一种圆满的思,因此,他能针对不同的正义表述,提出自己的论证。从人与人的交往来看,正义是个人生活的基础;从城邦的统治者和被统治者来看,正义是城邦和谐的尺度。正义抵达整体的善,又不侵害个体的善。正义的本质性思考为立法提供了根基,并保障了公民城邦生活的稳定性和长久性。 Volume 1 of “The Kingdom of Idealism” raised the question of “what is justice?” As a whole, Socrates holds justice as a perfect thought, so he can put forward his own argument for different justice statements. Judging from the interpersonal relationship, justice is the basis of personal life; judging from the rulers and rulers of the city-state, justice is the measure of harmony between cities and states. Justice reaches the good of the whole without infringing the goodness of the individual. The essential thinking of justice provides the foundation for legislation and guarantees the stability and longevity of citizens’ city-state life.