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农田氮素容易通过淋溶作用大量流失,导致氮素营养不能被农作物有效利用,造成资源浪费和农业面源污染。为了研究内蒙古自治区农田氮素淋溶流失现状,选择东西部两个主要粮食主产区(东部的阿荣旗和西部的巴彦淖尔市临河区)典型农田,在常规施肥和不施肥两种处理下,测定了淋溶水和土壤的总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮,植株的全氮等指标,对比了两个地区农田化肥氮素利用率、淋溶流失率等指标。研究发现,灌溉方式是影响氮素的淋溶流失量的重要因素,通过改变灌溉方式,可以有效控制旱地大田氮素的淋溶流失量。
Farmland nitrogen is easily lost through leaching, resulting in inefficient use of nitrogen nutrition by crops, resulting in waste of resources and agricultural non-point source pollution. In order to study the situation of nitrogen leaching and loss in farmland in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, typical farmland in the two main grain producing areas of eastern and western China (Arong Banner in the east and Linhe in Bayannur City in the west) The total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the leaching water and soil were measured. The total nitrogen and other indicators of the plant were compared. The nitrogen utilization rate and leaching rate of farmland chemical fertilizers in two areas were compared. The study found that irrigation is an important factor affecting the leaching loss of nitrogen. By changing the irrigation methods, the leaching loss of nitrogen in dryland can be effectively controlled.