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长期以来,在国内外的一些《普通化学》或《无机化学》教科书中,对钠和钙两种金属活动性(也有叫”活泼性”的)次序的描述存在着两种矛盾的情况, 也常常是学生在学习本课程的过程中所遇到的基本概念搞不清的问题之一,故有必要提出讨论解决。如在以往的高中化学节〔1〕中描述金属的化学性质时“……一种金属元素的原子越容易失去电子,它的化学活动性也就越大。反之,它的活动性也就越小。事实上各种金属原子由于各自的结构上的不同,在失去电子时需要消耗的能量确是各不相同的。因此,金属的活动性确有着显著的区别。贝开托夫(于1865年发表的——作者注)所发现的金属活动性顺序,就跟金属失去电子的难易程度有关。金属活动性顺序表如表1:
For a long time, there have been two contradictions in the description of the order of the two metal activities of sodium and calcium (also called “lively”) in some “normal chemistry” or “inorganic chemistry” textbooks at home and abroad. Often the students encountered in the course of the course of the basic concepts encountered one of the problems can not be identified, it is necessary to discuss the solution. As in the previous high school chemistry festival [1] describes the chemical properties of metals "... the more easily an atom of a metal element loses electrons, the greater its chemical activity, and vice versa, the more active In fact, due to their structural differences, all kinds of metal atoms are indeed different in energy consumption when they lose electrons, so there is a significant difference in the mobility of metals. Bektovet (in 1865 Published in - the author’s note) The sequence of metal activity found is related to the ease with which the metal loses electrons, as shown in Table 1: