4.弄虚作假,以伪乱真宋·寇宗奭《本草衍义》谓:“疾病所可凭者医也,医可据者方,方可恃者药也。”用药不可“真伪相乱,新陈相错”。真伪相杂,鱼目混珠,自古有之,于今为烈。以苜蓿根 Medicago Sativa L.充土黄芪,元代医家王好古早有论述,现时仍有沿用,而且用棉花根、圆叶锦葵根、蜀葵根、蓝花棘豆根等拿来混充黄芪的比比皆是。天麻、人参、冬虫夏草伪品就更多了。天麻用马铃薯、紫茉莉、大丽菊、菊芋、芭蕉芋,天花粉、赤瓟根、慈姑等作伪,人参用紫茉莉根、商陆、山莴苣、野豇豆、栌兰根等加工制作后伪 4. Deceptively fraudulently purported to confuse Zhen Song and Zong Zongxi’s “Ben Cao Yanyi”: “The doctors who have disease can rely on doctors, and doctors can rely on doctors, but they can only use medicines.” Medications cannot be “authentic and disorganized.” Mistakes." The authenticity and miscellaneousness of the fish are mixed, and since ancient times, it has been fierce. The roots of Medicina Sativa L. were filled with Astragalus membranaceus, and Wang Yougu, an ancient physician of the Yuan Dynasty, had long discussed it. They are still used now, and they have been mixed with cotton roots, round leaf Mallow roots, hollyhock roots, and blue buckwheat roots. All are. Gastrodia, ginseng, and Cordyceps fakes are even more. Gastrodia can be treated with potato, violet jasmine, dahlia, Jerusalem artichoke, candied mirabelle, trichosanthin, red peony root, arrowwood, etc., and ginseng is processed with post-pseudo-products such as jasmine root, pokeweed, mountain lettuce, wild kidney bean, and quail root.