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来自地幔深部的玄武质火山作用“样品”，是由于固体对流将地幔深部物质运送到浅部熔融区而产生的。这些喷出的玄武岩的同位素和微量元素化学表明地幔内存在许多同位素和化学性质清楚的成分，这些成分反映了地幔的演化。这种演化以上地幔中许多微量元素的衰减为特征，这些衰减的微量元素可能由衰减弱的深部地幔以及洋壳和岩石圈的再循环来补充，而来自于大陆的物质却很少
The “sample” of basaltic volcanism from deep mantle originates from the convection of solids that carries the deep mantle material to the shallow melting zone. The isotope and trace element chemistry of these expelled basalts indicates that there are many isotopic and chemically distinct components in the mantle that reflect the evolution of the mantle. This evolution is characterized by the attenuation of many trace elements in the upper mantle, which may be supplemented by weakening deep mantle and recycling of the oceanic crust and lithosphere, while the material originating from the continent is rare