神经元是难再生细胞,神经组织损伤后神经再生主要表现为神经轴突的延长与神经突触的重塑,而神经轴突再生受胶质瘢痕、神经营养因子及轴突生长抑制因子等因素的影响,其中胶质瘢痕形成及神经营养因子的产生与星形胶质细胞密切相关。中枢神经系统损伤后星形胶质细胞分泌神经营养因子、形成胶质瘢痕形成,对神经轴突再生有利弊双重作用。 Neurons are refractory cells, nerve regeneration after nerve tissue injury mainly manifested as prolonged axons and synaptic remodeling, and axonal regeneration by glial scar, neurotrophic factor and axon growth inhibitory factor and other factors The effects of glial scar formation and the production of neurotrophic factors are closely related to astrocytes. Astrocytes secrete neurotrophic factors after glial injury of the central nervous system, forming glial scar formation, which has both the pros and cons of axon regeneration.