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尼古拉·沙文(Nicolas chauvin)是法兰西第一帝国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴手下的一名士兵。他盲目崇拜拿破仑,狂热地拥护拿破仑的侵略政策,鼓吹法兰西民族是世界上最优秀的民族,主张用暴力扩张法国的势力。后来,人们就把煽动民族复仇,主张侵略和压迫别的民族的思想和行为称为沙文主义。沙文主义的实质是一种狭隘的民族主义。一、沙文主义的兴起法国大革命的对外战争激发了法国人民保卫革命、保卫祖国的民族主义热情。在瓦尔密战役中,法军士兵在普军逼近时,高呼“民族万岁!”,击退了敌人的进攻,取得了革命的法国对外战争的首次大捷。
Nicolas Chauvin was a soldier of Napoleon Bonaparte, the emperor of the First Empire of France. He blindly worshiped Napoleon, enthusiastically embraced Napoleon’s aggressive policy, and advocated that the French nation was the most outstanding nation in the world and advocated the use of violence to expand the influence of France. Later, people called chauvinism by inciting national revenge and advocating the idea of aggression and oppression of other peoples. The essence of chauvinism is a narrow nationalism. I. The rise of chauvinism The foreign war of the French Revolution inspired the French people’s nationalist enthusiasm for defending the revolution and defending the motherland. In the battle of Valmi, the French soldiers shouted “Long live the nation!” when the general army approached, repulsed the enemy’s offensive, and achieved the first great victory of the revolutionary French foreign war.