目的　探讨小儿非造血系统疾病所致的全血细胞减少的病因、发病机理 ,指导临床诊治。方法　统计分析 36例小儿非造血系统疾病所致的全血细胞减少。结果　本组以小儿结缔组织病最常见 ,其次为感染、恶性肿瘤、肝病、药物等所致。结论　小儿非造血系统疾病所致的全血细胞减少病因、发病机理复杂 ,但均可随原发病好转而改善。 Objective To investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of pancytopenia caused by non-hematopoietic system diseases in children and to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Statistical analysis of 36 cases of children with nonhematopoietic diseases caused by pancytopenia. Results This group of children with connective tissue disease is the most common, followed by infection, cancer, liver disease, drugs and so on. Conclusion The etiology and pathogenesis of pancytopenia caused by non-hematopoietic diseases in children are both complicated, but all of them can be improved with the improvement of primary diseases.