未交联的弹性体有时候被描述为由无规卷曲的线性聚合物链所组成的缠结网状物。但是,甚至在非结晶的无定形的弹性体中,在分子和微观水平上有明显的结构变化。一个典型的例子是在聚合过程中产生或是在聚合完成以后双分子交联所引起的长链支化结构。这种支化的广泛形成导致占有微观或甚至微观范围的极大的分子,通常称为“凝胶”。另一方面,有时候故意将交联的胶乳粒子加到未交联的弹性体中以改变它们的性能。交联的粒子形成微 Uncrosslinked elastomers are sometimes described as intertwined networks of randomly crimped linear polymer chains. However, there are significant structural changes at the molecular and microscopic levels even in amorphous amorphous elastomers. A typical example is the long chain branching structure created during the polymerization or by the bimolecular crosslinking after the polymerization is completed. The extensive formation of such branches leads to very large molecules that occupy microscopic or even microscopic ranges, often referred to as “gels.” On the other hand, cross-linked latex particles are sometimes intentionally added to uncross-linked elastomers to modify their properties. Cross-linked particles form micro