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本文的研究对象是一个微型音乐文化单元中的民歌现象以及与其所处文化背景之间的共生关系。文中涉及的音乐文化承担者──额鲁特人,属于蒙古族卫拉特部的一支,是由族缘和地缘关系形成的、享有共同文化并相对独立的群体,民歌是这个群体中音乐文化的主要构成。笔者于1985年4月和1989年6月赴新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁地区昭苏、尼勒克二县,对额鲁特民歌以及有关文化背景进行了实地调查,共采录民歌154首,对与民歌有关的民俗情况也做了记录和拍摄。文章从与额鲁特民歌共生的文化背景;额鲁特人的音乐观、民歌的分类和流传;额鲁特民歌的歌词特点;额鲁特民歌的音乐特征;额鲁特民歌在社会文化体系中的功能五个方面将深刻而鲜活的额鲁特民歌展现给读者,并为蒙古族音乐文化的丰富多样性提供了新的证明。
The research object of this article is the phenomenon of folk song in a miniature musical culture unit and its symbiotic relationship with its cultural background. The music and cultural undertaker involved in this paper, the Partheno, belongs to a part of the Mongolian Department of Oirat, is formed by the ethnic origin and the geographical relationship, enjoys the common culture and is relatively independent group, and the folk song is the main composition of the music culture in this group . The author went to the two counties of Zhaosu and Nilik in Yili Prefecture in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in April 1985 and June 1989 to conduct field surveys on the folk songs and relevant cultural backgrounds of Erut. A total of 154 folk songs were collected, folk songs related to folk songs The situation has also been recorded and photographed. The article analyzes the cultural background of the symbiosis between the folk songs and the idol, the music concept of the lutur, the classification and spread of the folk songs, the lyrical features of the idol’s folk songs, the musical features of the idol folk songs, the function of the idol’s folk songs in the social culture system, Live Detut folk songs show to readers, and Mongolian music culture rich diversity provides a new proof.