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目的研究糖尿病患者饮食自我管理、慢性并发症发生及控制达标情况。方法通过问卷调查、查阅病历和电子临床检验系统等方法对住院的糖尿病患者进行饮食调查和控制情况进行评价。结果被调查的2 641例糖尿病患者中男性1 460例,女性1 181例,患者年龄(53.42±12.89)岁。有家族史者占患者总数的34.46%。饮食中烹调油摄入偏多者占总体的75.70%,其他食物如禽畜类和谷薯类摄入量偏多者分别占总体的30.81%,33.61%,奶及奶制品摄入量偏少者占患者总体的66.19%。糖尿病患者入院时空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白等指标达标情况较差,控制不良者分别占患者总数的73.97%、94.86%、72.17%、38.25%、23.13%、19.55%。结论糖尿病患者饮食存在产能营养素摄入偏多和营养素摄入不均衡等问题,入院时糖尿病相关指标,如空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等控制情况与理想状态存在较大差距,控制情况不容乐观。
Objective To study the self-management of diet, the occurrence of chronic complications and the control standard in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Through the questionnaire survey, access to medical records and electronic clinical examination system and other methods of hospitalized diabetic patients for dietary surveys and control of the situation were evaluated. Results Among the 2 641 diabetic patients surveyed, 1 460 were males and 1 181 females, with a mean age of 53.42 ± 12.89 years. Family history accounted for 34.46% of the total number of patients. Dietary intake of cooking oil accounted for more than the overall 75.70%, other foods such as poultry and cereal tubers intake were more than those who accounted for 30.81%, respectively, 33.61%, milk and dairy products intake is too small Accounted for 66.19% of the patients as a whole. Fasting plasma glucose, postprandial 2h glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were not satisfactory in patients with diabetes, and poor control accounted for 73.97%, 94.86%, 72.17% of the total number of patients, 38.25%, 23.13%, 19.55%. Conclusion There are some problems such as excess nutrient intake and unbalanced nutrient intake in the diet of diabetic patients. There is a big gap between ideal and diabetic control indicators on admission such as fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2h blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and other control conditions Not optimistic.