α-芋螺毒素是近年来研究得较多的一种海洋生物神经毒素,它特异性竞争结合烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体,化学结构独特。本文介绍有关α-芋螺毒素的种类、结构特征、生物学活性和制备方法等方面的研究进展及其在生物化学、生物学以及新药开发等方面的应用前景。 α-conotoxin is a marine biological neurotoxin that has been studied more in recent years. It specifically competes with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and has a unique chemical structure. This paper introduces the research progress on the species, structural characteristics, biological activity and preparation methods of α-conotoxins and their application prospect in biochemistry, biology and new drug development.