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Podoplanin最早发现于肾小球的足突细胞膜,属于Ⅰ型黏液样跨膜糖蛋白。Podoplanin表达于淋巴管内皮细胞(LEC)和部分正常组织细胞的表面,在促进淋巴管生成、防止细胞粘附和维持肾小球足突细胞形态方面具有重要作用。作为LEC的特异性标记物,许多研究通过检测Podoplanin在LEC上的表达,测量肿瘤内部和周边的微淋巴管密度(LMVD),进而阐明LMVD和肿瘤淋巴结转移、肿瘤预后的相关性。Podoplanin还广泛表达于恶性肿瘤细胞的表面,如大多数的鳞状细胞癌、生殖细胞肿瘤和中枢神经系统肿瘤。Podoplanin可以促使ERM蛋白磷酸化,调整Rho家族成员GTP酶的活性和重组肌动蛋白细胞骨架等,最终引起细胞的侵袭和转移。因此,Podoplanin在判断肿瘤的恶性程度、转移及预后方面具有重要意义,并有望为抗肿瘤治疗提供一条新思路。
Podoplanin first found in glomerular foot process cell membrane, belonging to type I muco-like transmembrane glycoprotein. Podoplanin is expressed on the surface of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and some normal tissue cells and plays an important role in promoting lymphangiogenesis, preventing cell adhesion and maintaining glomerular footpad morphology. As a specific marker of LEC, many studies measure the expression of Podoplanin on LEC and measure the lymphatic vessel density (LMVD) in and around the tumor, so as to elucidate the correlation between LMVD and tumor lymph node metastasis and tumor prognosis. Podoplanin is also widely expressed on the surface of malignant cells, such as most squamous cell carcinomas, germ cell tumors and central nervous system tumors. Podoplanin can promote the phosphorylation of ERM protein, regulate the activity of GTPase of Rho family members and reorganize the actin cytoskeleton and so on, finally cause cell invasion and metastasis. Therefore, Podoplanin is of great significance in judging the malignant degree, metastasis and prognosis of the tumor, and is expected to provide a new idea for anti-tumor therapy.