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以1975年、1980年和1985年的Landsat MSS影像、1990年、1995年、2000年和2010年的Landsat TM影像、2005年的Landsat ETM+影像、2014年的Landsat OLI影像为数据源,根据水体的光谱特征,利用波段比值法(绿波段/短波红外波段),进行水体信息提取,得到了9个时期的巴尔喀什湖水体面积及其变化趋势,并综合分析了其主要影响因素。研究结果表明,1975~2014年巴尔喀什湖面积呈波动减少,并与水位变化趋势基本一致;1975~1990年期间,巴尔喀什湖水体面积急剧减少,变化速率为-48.4 km2/a,与水位降低了0.9 m;1990~2005年期间,巴尔喀什湖水体面积波动变化,但增加幅度很小,仅增加了0.36%;2005~2014年期间,巴尔喀什湖水体面积以每年10.1 km2的速度缓慢减少,水位也发生小幅度下降。巴尔喀什湖水体面积不受同期年平均气温和年降水量的影响,其主要受水库调节入湖水量的影响。
Landsat MSS images of 1975, 1980 and 1985, Landsat TM images of 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010, Landsat ETM + images of 2005 and Landsat OLI images of 2014 were used as data sources. Spectral characteristics of the Balkhash Lake were analyzed and the water body information was extracted by the band ratio method (green band / shortwave infrared band). The water area of Balkhash Lake in nine periods and its changing trend were obtained. The main influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that, from 1975 to 2014, the area of Lake Balkhashi fluctuated with a decreasing trend and basically the same as that of the water level. From 1975 to 1990, the water area of Balkhash Lake decreased sharply with a rate of -48.4 km2 / a, 0.9m. From 1990 to 2005, the area of Balkhash Lake fluctuated with a small increase of only 0.36%. During 2005-2014, the water area of Lake Balkhash slowly decreased at a rate of 10.1 km2 per year, The water level also dropped slightly. The area of Balkhash Lake is not affected by the annual mean temperature and the annual precipitation in the same period, which is mainly affected by the amount of water into the lake.