对膀胱肿瘤的病因学,目前了解比较多,有些已肯定而有些仍有争论。本文将从化学致癌物、内源性色氨酸的代谢异常及病毒的致癌作用三方面叙述。【膀胱化学致癌物】1895年德国 Rehn 医师在45个从事品红制造的工人中发现三例膀胱肿瘤(还有一例血尿未证实故未算在内),那时品红是由甲苯胺(Toluidine)、苯胺(Aniline)、硝基苯(Nitrobenzene)及氯化铁制成,苯胺挥发成蒸汽被认为是可疑的致癌物质,故膀胱肿瘤曾被称为苯胺肿瘤。后来很多实验研究证明纯苯胺本身不能引起膀胱肿瘤,有害物质是一些染料中间体,如2-萘胺(β-萘胺),1-萘胺(α-萘胺)及联苯胺。另一种用于塑料或橡胶工业作为防老剂 The etiology of bladder cancer, the current understanding of more, some have been affirmative and some still controversial. This article will be described from three aspects of chemical carcinogens, metabolic abnormalities of endogenous tryptophan and the carcinogenic effect of the virus. Bladder chemical carcinogens In 1895, Dr. Rehn, Germany, found three cases of bladder cancer in 45 workers who worked in magenta (and one case of hematuria was not confirmed), when malachite was produced by Toluidine Aniline, Nitrobenzene and Ferric Chloride. Aniline volatilization into steam is considered to be a suspicious carcinogen. Therefore, bladder tumors have been called aniline tumors. Later, many experimental studies have shown that pure aniline itself can not cause bladder cancer, harmful substances are some dye intermediates, such as 2-naphthylamine (β-naphthylamine), 1-naphthylamine (α-naphthylamine) and benzidine. The other is used as an antioxidant in the plastics or rubber industry