目的研究造血细胞特异蛋白1相关蛋白X1(HAX-1)和Caspase-3在皮肤鳞状细胞癌(cSCC)中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测72例cSCC组织和38例正常皮肤组织中HAX-1和Caspase-3的表达,分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果与正常皮肤组织相比,HAX-1在cSCC组织中表达增加,而Caspase-3表达降低(P<0.01)。HAX-1表达与肿瘤厚度、TNM分期和分化程度密切相关(P<0.05);Caspase-3表达与TNM分期和分化程度具有相关性(P<0.05)。cSCC组织中HAX-1与Caspase-3表达呈负相关(r=-0.875,P<0.05)。结论 HAX-1在cSCC组织中高表达,而Caspase-3低表达。HAX-1和Caspase-3可能与cSCC发生、发展密切相关,有望成为其预后判断和治疗的新靶点。 Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of HAX-1 and Caspase-3 in skin squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Methods The expressions of HAX-1 and Caspase-3 in 72 cases of cSCC and 38 cases of normal skin tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, and their relationship with clinicopathological features was analyzed. Results Compared with normal skin tissue, HAX-1 expression increased in cSCC tissues and Caspase-3 expression decreased (P <0.01). The expression of HAX-1 was closely related to the tumor thickness, TNM stage and differentiation (P <0.05). The expression of Caspase-3 was correlated with the TNM stage and differentiation (P <0.05). The expression of HAX-1 and Caspase-3 in cSCC tissues was negatively correlated (r = -0.875, P <0.05). Conclusion HAX-1 is overexpressed in cSCC and Caspase-3 is down-regulated. HAX-1 and Caspase-3 may be closely related to the occurrence and development of cSCC, which is expected to become a new target of prognosis and treatment.