目的问卷调查河南省农村居民对疾病预防控制工作交费意愿及其影响因素,为政府制定疾病预防控制工作与新型农村合作医疗(新农合)制度相结合的政策提供依据。方法采用自拟问卷,抽样调查河南省19个县(市、区)44个乡镇156个村的1 117名农村居民。采用SPSS 11.5软件进行频数分析和多因素回归分析。结果在现有新农合交费制度的基础上,愿意为疾病预防控制工作再交费者占68.3%,愿意交纳1元及以上者占62.3%,平均愿意交纳3.01±7.66元。多因素回归分析发现:个体经营者、中专文化程度者、家庭仅由夫妇二人组成者、回答新农合减轻了自己很多就医经济负担者,均愿意多交费。结论实行乡村疾病预防控制工作与新农合相结合的农村卫生工作政策,可以采用在现有新农合交费制度的基础上再向农村居民收取少量费用的方式。继续做好新农合工作,更大程度减轻农村居民就医经济负担是实施此项卫生工作政策的基础。在实施政策时,应当依据职业、文化程度、家庭构成方式等特征照顾低收入家庭。 Objective To investigate the willingness of rural residents in Henan Province to pay for disease prevention and control and its influential factors, and to provide the basis for the government to formulate the policy of combining disease prevention and control with the new rural cooperative medical system (NRCMS). Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to survey 1,117 rural residents in 156 villages in 44 townships and 19 counties (cities and districts) in Henan Province. Frequency analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed using SPSS 11.5 software. Results Based on the existing NCMS fee system, 68.3% were willing to pay for disease prevention and control and 62.3% were willing to pay for one yuan or more, with an average willingness to pay 3.01 ± 7.66 yuan. Multivariate regression analysis found that: self-employed, secondary school education, the family consists of only two couples, answering the NRCMS to reduce their own a lot of medical and economic burdens, are willing to pay more. Conclusions The rural health work policy of combining rural disease prevention and control with NCMS can adopt the mode of charging a small amount of fees to rural residents on the basis of the existing NCMS payment system. Continuing to do a good job in the new rural cooperative medical system and further reducing the financial burden on rural residents for medical treatment are the basis for implementing this health policy. When implementing policies, low-income families should be taken care of according to their characteristics such as occupation, educational level and family composition.