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1 水利状况和问题1.1 自然条件。洛阳、三门峡两市横跨黄河、淮河、长江三大流域,山区面积占50%以上,丘陵、阶地占40%,平原、河谷不足10%,是水资源开发利用比较困难的主要原因之一。该区属北温带山地季风气候,多年平均降水量在550～900mm之间,且在时间和空间上分配不均,使该区旱灾频繁发生,农业生产遭受很大损失,人畜饮水发生困难。
1 water conditions and problems 1.1 natural conditions. The two cities of Luoyang and Sanmenxia cross the three major drainage areas of the Yellow River, the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River. The mountainous area accounts for over 50% of the total area. The hills and terraces occupy 40% and the plains and valleys are less than 10%. This is one of the major reasons for the relatively difficult development and utilization of water resources. This area belongs to the north temperate mountainous monsoon climate. The average annual precipitation is between 550 and 900mm, and it is unevenly distributed in time and space, causing frequent drought in this area, suffering heavy losses in agricultural production and having difficulties in drinking water for people and livestock.