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日本在德川幕府统治时代,长期锁国,西方国家多次叩关,都未取得成功,除荷兰及中国的商人可在长崎通商外,其它一概拒绝。直至1853年美国东印度舰队司令柏利(M.C.Perry)率舰来到江户湾(今东京湾),第二年迫使签订《亲善条约》,持续二百多年的闭关政策开始被打破。此后两年间,日本先后同英、俄、荷分别订约,实行开放。1858年日本又在美国压力下签订了《日美修好通商条约》,继之荷、俄、英、法等国,也各以日美条约为蓝本签订了修好通商条约。在这些缔约国中,美国是最先冲
In the era of the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate government, Japan locked the country for a long period of time and the western countries repeatedly failed to make any success. All except those from the Netherlands and China may refuse to conduct business except in Nagasaki. Until 1853, the U.S. East Fleet Fleet Commander M.C. Perry led a speed boat to Edo Bay (now Tokyo Bay), and the following year forced the signing of a “goodwill treaty.” The 200-year-long retreat policy began to be broken. In the following two years, Japan successively contracted with Britain, Russia and the Netherlands and implemented it openly. In 1858, Japan again under the pressure of the United States signed the Treaty of Trade and Development to Repair Japan and the United States, followed by the Netherlands, Russia, Britain, France and other countries. Among these States parties, the United States is the first to rush