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在草酸钙肾结石的患者中,半数的男性及75%为女性,因有家族性血钙正常的高钙尿,尿钙排量在4mg/kg/天以上。高钙尿排泄时,由于增加了尿的超饱和,可加速形成草酸钙结晶,而减少尿钙的排泄量,可降低结石形成率。如噻嗪类利尿剂使钙排量降低50%,因而结石形成率降至治疗前的15%。还可用低钙饮食及阻止钙吸收的纤维素磷酸钠来降低尿钙排泄。家族性高钙尿症看来是良性的,除有结石危险外,生长正常,无明显骨骼疾病。
Among the patients with calcium oxalate and kidney stones, half of men and 75% of women had urinary calcium excretion above 4 mg / kg / day due to familial hypercalciuria with normal serum calcium. Hypercalciuria excretion, due to increased urine super-saturation, can accelerate the formation of calcium oxalate crystals, and reduce urinary calcium excretion, can reduce the rate of stone formation. Such as thiazide diuretics to reduce the amount of calcium discharge 50%, so the stone formation rate dropped to 15% before treatment. Can also be low-calcium diet and calcium absorption to prevent calcium phosphate to reduce urinary calcium excretion. Familial hypercalciuria appears to be benign, with the exception of stone risk, normal growth, no obvious bone disease.