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本文就全国的历史降水空间分布与历史地震空间分布之间的关系进行探讨。发现全国主要地震带上的雨量梯度远大于非(少)地震带上的雨量梯度。并对1952年以来全国雨量与地震关系进行了研究,发现有85%强的震中位置集中于先年旱涝界面及涝中心边缘处,而处旱涝中心的不过15%,中小地震也如此。还对旱涝与地震的时间分布进行分析发现,单一的旱不是发震的主要前兆现象,而是在长期干旱背景上的特涝,更具有实际意义。因而从降水的时空特征给地震予报提供了可能的前兆手段。本文并从水分压力角度计算与探讨了旱涝与地震存在关系的原因,从而对旱涝震的物理机制进行了初步的研究。
This paper discusses the relationship between the spatial distribution of historical precipitation and the spatial distribution of historical earthquakes in China. It is found that the rainfall gradients in the major seismic belts across the country are much larger than the rainfall gradients in non-small seismic belts. The relationship between rainfall and earthquakes in China since 1952 has been studied. It is found that 85% of the epicenter locations are concentrated at the edge of the drought and flood interface and the flood control center in the first year, but only 15% of the drought and flood centers are located at the same time. The time distribution of droughts and floods and earthquakes are also analyzed. It is found that a single drought is not the main precursor of seismogenic events, but rather a flood over the long-term arid background, which is of more practical significance. Therefore, the temporal and spatial characteristics of precipitation provide possible precursors for earthquake prediction. In this paper, the causes of the relationship between drought and flood and earthquakes are calculated and discussed from the perspective of water pressure, and the physical mechanism of drought and flood is preliminarily studied.