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采用室内恒温培养方法,研究了不同施肥处理对水稻长期肥料试验中不施肥区(CK)和全肥区(NPK)土壤酶活性及微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明,施肥处理(单施化肥、施猪粪和施秸杆)可以显著提高土壤的微生物量碳以及脲酶、酸性磷酸酶的活性,施用有机肥的效果明显大于单施化肥;有机肥在无肥区(CK)的施用效果与在全肥区(NPK)的效果接近。PLFA分析表明,施肥使无肥区(CK)土壤微生物群落结构发生了显著的变化,施用有机肥显著增加了土壤微生物群落结构的多样性。与不施肥和单施化肥相比,施有机肥主要增加了细菌和真菌的特征脂肪酸如不饱和脂肪酸、环状脂肪酸cy19∶0等的相对含量,而降低了放线菌标记性脂肪酸10Me18∶0的相对含量。
The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure in fertilizers (CK) and total fertilizers (NPK) were studied in a long-term fertilization experiment. The results showed that the application of fertilizers (single application of fertilizer, application of pig manure and straw) could significantly increase the soil microbial biomass carbon and urease, acid phosphatase activity, the application of organic fertilizer was significantly greater than the single fertilizer; organic fertilizer in the absence of Fertilization (CK) application effect and in the whole fertilizer area (NPK) effect. PLFA analysis showed that fertilization changed the soil microbial community structure in the no fertilizer area (CK) significantly, and the application of organic manure significantly increased the diversity of soil microbial community structure. Compared with the non-fertilizing and applying chemical fertilizers alone, the organic manure mainly increased the relative contents of the characteristic fatty acids such as unsaturated fatty acids and cyclic fatty acids cy19:0 in bacteria and fungi, and reduced the content of actinomycete labeled fatty acid 10Me18:0 The relative content of.